Pulse charger for charging batteries - Chargers (for cars) - Power supplies. Pulse charger for a car battery: diagram, instructions Homemade charger for IR 2153

Every car enthusiast has for 12 V batteries. All these old chargers work and perform their functions with varying degrees of success, but they have a common drawback - they are too large in size and weight. This is not surprising, because only one power transformer at 200 watts can weigh up to 5 kg. That’s why I decided to assemble a pulse charger for a car battery. On the Internet, or rather on the Kazus forum, I found a diagram of this charger.

Schematic diagram of the charger - click to increase size

Assembled, works great! I charged a car battery, set the charger to 14.8 V and a current of about 6 A, there is no overcharging or undercharging, when the voltage at the battery terminals reaches 14.8 V, the charging current drops automatically. I also charged the gel lead battery from the PC's uninterruptible power supply - it was fine. This charger is not afraid of short circuits at the output. But you need to make protection against polarity reversal, I did it myself on the relay.

The printed circuit board, datasheets for some radio elements and other files can be found on the forum.

In general, I advise everyone to do it, since this charger has many advantages: small size, the base of radio elements is not in short supply, you can buy a lot of things, including a ready-made pulse transformer. I bought it myself in an online store - they sent it quickly and cheaply. I’ll make a reservation right away, instead of a VD6 Schottky diode (thermal stabilization), I just put a 100 Ohm resistance, a charger, and it works great with it! I assembled and tested the circuit:Demo.

Recently we were asked to make a high-voltage generator to order. Now some will ask themselves - what does a high-voltage generator have to do with a charger? I should note that one of the simplest pulse chargers can be built on the basis of the above circuit, and as a visual demonstration, I decided to assemble

inverter on a breadboard and study all the main advantages and disadvantages of this inverter.

Auto electrics. Powerful pulse charger for batteries.

Earlier, I already posted an article about a charger based on a half-bridge inverter on the IR2153 driver, in this article the same driver, only a slightly different circuitry, without the use of half-bridge capacitors, as there were many questions with them and many asked for a circuit without capacitors.

But this couldn’t be done without capacitors, they are needed to smooth out interference and surges after the mains rectifier, I selected a capacitance of 220 µF, but it could be less - from 47 µF, the voltage is 450 Volts in my case, but you can limit yourself to 330-400 Volts.

A diode bridge can be assembled from any rectifier diodes with a current of at least 2A (preferably in the region of 4-6A or more) and with reverse voltage at least 400 Volts, in my case a ready-made diode bridge was used from computer unit power supply, reverse voltage 600 Volts at a current of 6 Amps - what you need!

Let me remind you that this is the simplest option for connecting a microcircuit and the simplest UPS from a 220 Volt network that can even exist; if you want a long-lasting charger, the circuit will have to be modified.

To provide the necessary power parameters for the microcircuit, a 45-55 kOhm resistor with a power of 2 watts is used; if there are none, then 2-3 resistors can be connected in series, the final resistance of which will be within the specified limit.

The diode from the 1st to the 8th leg of the microcircuit must have a current of at least 1 A and a reverse voltage of at least 300 Volts, in my case a fast diode of 1000 Volts 3 Amps was used, but it is not critical, you can use HER107 diodes , HER207, HER307, FR207 (at least), UF4007, etc.

Field effect transistors are needed high voltage, such as IRF840 or IRF740. The transformer was taken ready-made, from a computer power supply. At the power input there are two film capacitors before and after the inductor, the inductor is taken ready-made, it has two identical windings (independent of each other), each with 15 turns of 0.7 mm wire.

Thermistor, fuse, resistor at the input - they are only here to protect the circuit from sudden voltage surges, I do not recommend removing them, but the circuit works fine without them. The output voltage is rectified by a powerful dual diode, which can also be found in a computer power supply.

Different voltages are generated at the transformer outputs (3.3/5/12 Volts). The 12 Volt bus is very easy to find, usually there are two terminals on one edge, the required winding is easy to find if you use a 12 Volt halogen lamp, judging by the glow you can draw a conclusion about the voltage.

The finished unit can be supplemented with a power regulator and protection against overload and short circuit and get a full-fledged charger for a car battery. Let me remind you that the current from the 12 Volt bus reaches 8-12 Amperes, depending on the specific type of transformer.

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For a long time I was interested in the topic of how you can use the power supply from a computer to power a power amplifier. But remaking a power supply is still fun, especially a pulsed one with such a dense installation. Even though I’m used to all sorts of fireworks, I really didn’t want to scare my family, and it’s dangerous for myself.

In general, the study of the issue led to quite simple solution, which does not require any special details and practically no adjustment. Assembled, turned on, works. Yes, and I wanted to practice etching printed circuit boards using photoresist, since recently modern laser printers They became greedy for toner, and the usual laser-iron technology did not work out. I was very pleased with the result of working with photoresist; for the experiment, I etched the inscription on the board with a line 0.2 mm thick. And she turned out great! So, enough preludes, I will describe the circuit and process of assembling and setting up the power supply.

The power supply is actually very simple, almost all of it is assembled from parts left over after disassembling a not very good pulse generator from a computer - one of those parts that are not “reported” on. One of these parts is a pulse transformer, which can be used without rewinding in a 12V power supply, or converted, which is also very simple, to any voltage, for which I used Moskatov’s program.

Switching power supply unit diagram:

The following components were used:

driver ir2153 is a microcircuit used in pulse converters to power fluorescent lamps, its more modern analogue is ir2153D and ir2155. In the case of using the ir2153D, the VD2 diode can be omitted, since it is already built into the chip. All 2153 series microcircuits already have a built-in 15.6V zener diode in the power circuit, so you shouldn’t bother too much with installing a separate voltage stabilizer to power the driver itself;

VD1 - any rectifier with a reverse voltage of at least 400V;

VD2-VD4 - “fast-acting”, with a short recovery time (no more than 100ns) for example - SF28; In fact, VD3 and VD4 can be excluded, I did not install them;

as VD4, VD5 - a dual diode from the computer power supply “S16C40” is used - this is a Schottky diode, you can use any other, less powerful one. This winding is needed to power the ir2153 driver after the pulse converter starts. You can exclude both diodes and winding if you do not plan to remove power of more than 150 W;

Diodes VD7-VD10 - powerful Schottky diodes, for a voltage of at least 100V and a current of at least 10 A, for example - MBR10100, or others;

transistors VT1, VT2 - any powerful field-effect ones, the output depends on their power, but you shouldn’t get too carried away here, just as you shouldn’t remove more than 300 W from the unit;

L3 - wound on a ferrite rod and contains 4-5 turns of 0.7 mm wire; This chain (L3, C15, R8) can be eliminated altogether; it is needed to slightly facilitate the operation of the transistors;

Choke L4 is wound on a ring from the old group stabilization choke of the same power supply from the computer, and contains 20 turns each, wound with a double wire.

Capacitors at the input can also be installed with a smaller capacity; their capacity can be approximately selected based on the removed power of the power supply, approximately 1-2 µF per 1 W of power. You should not get carried away with capacitors and place a capacitance of more than 10,000 uF at the output of the power supply, as this can lead to “fireworks” when turned on, since they require a significant current for charging when turned on.

Now a few words about the transformer. The parameters of the pulse transformer are determined in the Moskatov program and correspond to an W-shaped core with the following data: S0 = 1.68 sq. cm; Sc = 1.44 cm2; Lsr.l. = 86cm; Conversion frequency - 100 kHz;

The resulting calculation data:

Winding 1- 27 turns 0.90mm; voltage - 155V; Wound in 2 layers with wire consisting of 2 cores of 0.45 mm each; The first layer - the inner one contains 14 turns, the second layer - the outer one contains 13 turns;

winding 2- 2 halves of 3 turns of 0.5 mm wire; this is a “self-supply winding” with a voltage of about 16V, wound with a wire so that the winding directions are in different directions, the middle point is brought out and connected on the board;

winding 3- 2 halves of 7 turns, also wound with stranded wire, first - one half in one direction, then through the insulation layer - the second half, in the opposite direction. The ends of the windings are brought out into a “braid” and connected to a common point on the board. The winding is designed for a voltage of about 40V.

In the same way, you can calculate a transformer for any required voltage. I have assembled 2 such power supplies, one for the TDA7293 amplifier, the second for 12V to power all sorts of crafts, used as a laboratory one.

Power supply for amplifier for voltage 2x40V:

12V switching power supply:

Power supply assembly in housing:

Photo of tests of a switching power supply - the one for an amplifier using a load equivalent of several MLT-2 10 Ohm resistors, connected in different sequences. The goal was to obtain data on power, voltage drop and voltage difference in the +/- 40V arms. As a result, I got the following parameters:

Power - about 200W (I didn’t try to shoot anymore);

voltage, depending on load - 37.9-40.1V over the entire range from 0 to 200W

Temperature at maximum power 200W after a test run for half an hour:

transformer - about 70 degrees Celsius, diode radiator without active blowing - about 90 degrees Celsius. With active airflow, it quickly approaches room temperature and practically does not heat up. As a result, the radiator was replaced, and in the following photos the power supply is already with a different radiator.

When developing the power supply, materials from the vegalab and radiokot websites were used; this power supply is described in great detail on the Vega forum; there are also options for the unit with short-circuit protection, which is not bad. For example, during an accidental short circuit, a track on the board in the secondary circuit instantly burned out

Attention!

The first power supply should be turned on through an incandescent lamp with a power of no more than 40W. When you connect it to the network for the first time, it should a short time flare up and go out. It should practically not glow! In this case, you can check the output voltages and try to lightly load the unit (no more than 20W!). If everything is in order, you can remove the light bulb and begin testing.

Power supply IR2153 500W— I suggest you familiarize yourself with, and, if desired, repeat the circuit of a switching power supply for a power amplifier implemented on the well-known IR2153. This is a self-clocked half-bridge driver, an improved modification of the IR2151 driver, which includes a high-voltage half-bridge program with a generator equivalent to the 555 integrated timer (K1006VI1). Distinctive feature chip IR2153 is improved functionality and does not require special skills in its use, a very simple and effective device relative to earlier produced microcircuits.

Distinctive properties of this power source:

• A protection circuit against possible overloads has been implemented, as well as protection against short circuits in the windings of the pulse transformer.
• Built-in soft start circuit for the power supply.
• It has the function of protecting the device at the input, which is performed by a varistor that protects the power supply from voltage surges in the electrical network and its excessive value, as well as from accidental supply of 380v to the input.
• Easy to learn and inexpensive scheme.

Characteristics it has power supply IR2153 500W
The rated output power is 200W, if you use a transformer with a higher power, you can get 500W.
Musical or RMS output power is 300W. You can get 700W with a higher power transformer.
Standard operating frequency - 50 kHz
The output voltage is two arms of 35v. Depending on what voltage the transformer is wound on, you can take the corresponding output voltage values.
The efficiency is 92%, but also depends on the design of the transformer.

The power supply control circuit is standard for the IR2153 chip and is borrowed from its datasheet. The short circuit and overload protection module has the ability to configure the current at which the cutoff will occur while simultaneously turning on the signal LED. When the power supply switches to protection mode in an emergency situation, it can remain in this state for an unlimited time, although the device's current consumption will remain comparable to the no-load current of an unloaded power supply. As for the sample of my modification, the protection is configured to limit the power consumption of the power supply from 300 W, which provides a guarantee against excessive load, and therefore against excessive heating, which in turn can cause the entire unit to fail.

Load testing moment

Here is a file where everything about the power supply is described in detail, and there are also recommendations on how to increase the output power. Any radio amateur, having read this material, is able to independently manufacture a power supply for the power he needs and, accordingly, the output voltage.

A compressed folder with the transformer calculation method and the accompanying program.
Download:
Download:

A program for calculating the nominal values ​​of components to assign the required operating frequency of the IR2153.
Download:

Printed circuit board.
Download:

The printed circuit board is designed to install a computer transformer and output ultra-fast diodes such as MUR820 and BYW29-200, thereby making it possible to use it in power supplies with an output power of 250 W. But there is also a weak spot - this is the area for capacitor C3. If there is no capacitor with a suitable diameter, then the board will need to be slightly moved apart.
For LUT printed circuit board There is no need to do this in a mirror image.

Information article on using IR drivers.
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Here is a slightly modified power supply. Its fundamental difference from the above scheme is in the implemented protection device.