Local and global networks. Networks of departments, campuses and corporations

Today there are more than 130 million computers in the world and more than 80% of them are connected into various information and computer networks, from small local networks in offices to global networks such as Internet, FidoNet, FREEnet, etc. The worldwide trend towards connecting computers into networks is due to a number of important reasons, such as accelerating the transmission of information messages, the ability to quickly exchange information between users, receiving and transmitting messages (faxes, E-Mail letters, electronic conferences, etc.) without leaving work places, the ability to instantly receive any information from anywhere in the world, as well as the exchange of information between computers of different manufacturers running different software.

Such huge potential opportunities that the computer network carries and the new potential rise that the information complex experiences at the same time, as well as the significant acceleration of the production process, do not give us the right to ignore and not apply them in practice.

Often there is a need to develop a fundamental solution to the issue of organizing an information computer network (information and computer network) on the basis of an existing computer park and software package that meets modern scientific and technical requirements, taking into account growing needs and the possibility of further gradual development of the network in connection with the emergence of new technical and software solutions. Particular attention is paid to the networks of individual corporations and their production departments.

LOCAL AND WAN NETWORKS

Features of local, global and metropolitan networks.

To classify computer networks, a territorial criterion is used, that is, by the size of the territory that the network covers. This is due to the fact that the differences between local and global network technologies are very significant, despite their constant convergence.

TO local networks - Local Area Networks (LAN)- include computer networks concentrated in a small area (usually within a radius of no more than 1-2 km). LANs are designed to meet the following requirements:

1. operate within a limited geographic area;

2. allow many users to have access over high-bandwidth channels;

3. ensure constant communication with the necessary services;

4. physically connect to neighboring devices.

A LAN is a communications system owned by a single organization. Due to the short distances in local networks, it is possible to use relatively expensive high-quality communication lines, which allow, using simple methods data transfer, achieve high data exchange speeds of the order of 100 Mbit/s - 1 Gbit/s. In this regard, the services provided by local networks are widely varied and usually involve on-line implementation.

Wide Area Networks (WAN) are used to connect separate remote LANs and to unite geographically dispersed computers that may be located in different cities and countries. Since laying high-quality communication lines over long distances is very expensive, global networks often use existing communication lines that were originally intended for completely different purposes. For example, many global networks are built on the basis of general purpose telephone and telegraph channels. Due to the low speeds of such communication lines in global networks (tens of kilobits per second), the range of services provided is usually limited to file transfer, mainly not online, but background, using email. For stable transmission of discrete data over low-quality communication lines, methods and equipment are used that are significantly different from the methods and equipment characteristic of local networks. As a rule, complex procedures for encoding, monitoring and data recovery are used here, since the most typical mode of data transmission over a territorial communication channel is associated with significant signal distortion.

City networks (or metropolitan networks) -
Metropolitan

Networks
MAN
) – are a less common type of network. These networks appeared relatively recently. They are designed to serve the territory of a large city - metropolis. MANs use digital backbones, often fiber optic, with speeds starting from 45 Mbit/s, and are designed to connect local networks citywide and connect local networks to global ones. These networks were originally designed for data transmission, but now also support services such as video conferencing and integrated voice and text.
1.2. Differences between local and global networks
Let's look at the main differences between local networks and global ones.

· Length, quality and method of laying communication lines. Local area networks, by definition, differ from global networks in the short distance between network nodes. This, in principle, makes it possible to use high-quality communication lines in local networks: coaxial cable, twisted pair, fiber optic cable, which are not always available (due to economic restrictions) over long distances. In global networks, already existing communication lines (telegraph or telephone) are often used, and in local networks they are laid anew.

· Complexity of transmission methods and equipment. In conditions of low reliability of physical channels in global networks, more complex data transmission methods and corresponding equipment are required than in local networks. In global networks, modulation, asynchronous methods, complex checksumming methods, handshake and retransmission of corrupted frames are widely used. High-quality communication lines in local networks have made it possible to simplify data transmission procedures through the use of unmodulated signals and the elimination of mandatory confirmation of packet receipt.

· Communication speed. One of the main differences between local networks and global networks is the presence of high-speed data exchange channels between computers, the speed of which (0.1 and 1 Gbit/s) is comparable to the operating speeds of devices and nodes. Due to this, a local network user connected to a remote shared resource (for example, a server disk) gets the impression that he is using this disk as “his own”. For global networks, much lower data transfer rates are typical - up to 2 Mbit/s.

· Variety of services. Local networks provide, as a rule, a wide range of services - these are various types of file service services, printing services, fax services, database services, Email and others, while global networks mainly provide mail services and sometimes file services with limited capabilities - transferring files from public archives of remote servers without first viewing their contents.

· Request execution speed. The time it takes for a packet to pass through a local network is usually a few milliseconds, but the time it takes to transmit it through a global network can reach several seconds or even minutes. The low data transfer rate in global networks makes it difficult to implement services for the on-line mode, which is common for local networks.

· Channel Separation. In local networks, communication channels are used, as a rule, jointly by several network nodes, and in global networks - individually.

· Using the Switching Method. In local networks, packet switching is used to connect nodes. The effectiveness of the packet switching method lies in the fact that the network as a whole transmits more data from its subscribers per unit of time. In global networks, the packet switching method is also used, but along with it, the circuit switching method is often used, as well as non-switched channels - as legacy technologies of non-computer networks.

· Scalability. Local networks have poor scalability due to the rigidity of the underlying topologies that determine how stations are connected and the length of the line. With many basic topologies, network performance deteriorates sharply when a certain limit on the number of nodes or the length of communication lines is reached. Global networks are characterized by good scalability, since they were initially developed to work with arbitrary topologies.

Local and global networks

To classify computer networks, various criteria are used, but most often networks are divided into types based on territorial characteristics, that is, according to the size of the territory that the network covers. And there are good reasons for this, since the differences between local and global network technologies are very significant, despite their constant convergence.

Features of local, global and metropolitan networks

TO local networks - Local Area Networks (LAN)- include computer networks concentrated in a small area (usually within a radius of no more than 1-2 km). In general, a local network is a communication system owned by one organization. Due to the short distances in local networks, it is possible to use relatively expensive high-quality communication lines, which allow, using simple data transmission methods, to achieve high data exchange rates of the order of 100 Mbit/s. In this regard, the services provided by local networks are widely varied and usually involve on-line implementation.

Wide Area Networks (WAN)- unite geographically dispersed computers that can be located in different cities and countries. Since laying high-quality communication lines over long distances is very expensive, global networks often use existing communication lines that were originally intended for completely different purposes. For example, many global networks are built on the basis of general purpose telephone and telegraph channels. Due to the low speeds of such communication lines in global networks (tens of kilobits per second), the range of services provided is usually limited to file transfer, mainly not online, but in the background, using email. For stable transmission of discrete data over low-quality communication lines, methods and equipment are used that are significantly different from the methods and equipment characteristic of local networks. As a rule, complex procedures for monitoring and data recovery are used here, since the most typical mode of data transmission over a territorial communication channel is associated with significant signal distortion.

Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN)- are a less common type of network. These networks appeared relatively recently. They are designed to serve the territory of a large city - metropolis. While local networks are best suited for sharing resources over short distances and broadcasting, and wide area networks provide operation over long distances, but with limited speed and a poor set of services, metropolitan networks occupy an intermediate position. They use digital backbones, often fiber optic, with speeds starting from 45 Mbit/s, and are designed to connect local networks across the city and connect local networks to global ones. These networks were originally designed for data transmission, but now also support services such as video conferencing and integrated voice and text. The development of metropolitan network technology was driven by local telephone companies. Historically, local telephone companies have always had weak technical capabilities and have been unable to attract large customers because of this. To overcome their backwardness and take their rightful place in the world of local and global networks, local communications enterprises began developing networks based on the most modern technologies, such as SMDS or ATM cell switching technology. Metropolitan networks are public networks, and therefore their services are cheaper than building your own (private) network within the city.

Differences between local networks and global ones

Let's look at the main differences between local networks and global networks in more detail. Since recently these differences have become less and less noticeable, we will assume that in this section we are considering the networks of the late 80s, when these differences appeared very clearly, and modern trends in the convergence of local and global network technologies will be discussed in the next section .

Length, quality and method of laying communication lines. The class of local computer networks, by definition, differs from the class of global networks in the small distance between network nodes. This, in principle, makes it possible to use high-quality communication lines in local networks: coaxial cable, twisted pair, fiber optic cable, which are not always available (due to economic restrictions) over long distances characteristic of global networks. In global networks, already existing communication lines are often used (telegraph or telephone), and in local networks they are laid anew.

Complexity of transmission methods and equipment. In conditions of low reliability of physical channels in global networks, more complex data transmission methods and corresponding equipment are required than in local networks. Thus, in global networks, modulation, asynchronous methods, complex checksumming methods, acknowledgment and retransmission of distorted frames are widely used. On the other hand, high-quality communication lines in local networks have made it possible to simplify data transmission procedures through the use of unmodulated signals and the elimination of mandatory confirmation of packet receipt.

Communication speed. One of the main differences between local networks and global networks is the presence of high-speed data exchange channels between computers, the speed of which (10, 16 and 100 Mbit/s) is comparable to the speeds of computer devices and nodes - disks, internal data exchange buses, etc. Due to this a local network user connected to a remote shared resource (for example, a server disk) gets the impression that he uses this disk as “his own”. For global networks, much lower data transfer rates are typical - 2400,9600,28800,33600 bps, 56 and 64 Kbps, and only on trunk channels - up to 2 Mbps.

Variety of services. Local networks provide, as a rule, a wide range of services - these are various types of file services, printing services, fax services, database services, e-mail and others, while global networks mainly provide postal services and sometimes file services. services with limited capabilities - transfer of files from public archives of remote servers without first viewing their contents.

Request execution speed. The time it takes for a packet to pass through a local network is usually a few milliseconds, but the time it takes to transmit it through a global network can reach several seconds. The low data transfer rate in global networks makes it difficult to implement services for the on-line mode, which is common for local networks.

Channel Separation. In local networks, communication channels are used, as a rule, jointly by several network nodes, and in global networks - individually.

Using the packet switching method. An important feature of local networks is uneven load distribution. Peak to average load ratios can be 100:1 or even higher. This traffic is usually called pulsating. Because of this feature of traffic in local networks, the packet switching method is used to communicate between nodes, which for bursty traffic turns out to be much more effective than the traditional circuit switching method for wide area networks. The effectiveness of the packet switching method lies in the fact that the network as a whole transmits more data from its subscribers per unit of time. In global networks, the packet switching method is also used, but along with it, the circuit switching method is often used, as well as non-switched channels - as legacy technologies of non-computer networks.

Scalability. “Classical” local networks have poor scalability due to the rigidity of the underlying topologies that determine the method of connecting stations and the length of the line. With many basic topologies, network performance deteriorates sharply when a certain limit on the number of nodes or the length of communication lines is reached. Global networks are characterized by good scalability, since they were initially developed to work with arbitrary topologies.

The trend towards convergence of local and global networks

If we take into account all the differences between local and global networks listed above, it becomes clear why two communities of specialists dealing with these two types of networks could exist separately for so long. But in recent years the situation has changed dramatically.

Local network specialists, faced with the task of uniting several local networks located in different geographically distant locations, were forced to begin mastering the alien world of global networks and telecommunications. The close integration of remote local networks does not allow us to consider global networks as a “black box”, which is only a tool for transporting messages over long distances. Therefore, everything related to global communications and remote access has become the subject of daily interest of many local network specialists.

On the other hand, the desire to increase throughput, data transfer speed, expand the range and efficiency of services, in other words, the desire to improve the quality of services provided - all this forced global network specialists to pay close attention to the technologies used in local networks.

Thus, in the world of local and global networks, there has clearly been a movement towards each other, which has already led to a significant interpenetration of local and global network technologies.

One manifestation of this convergence is the emergence of metropolitan area networks (MANs), which occupy an intermediate position between local and global networks. With sufficiently large distances between nodes, they have high-quality communication lines and high exchange rates, even higher than in classical local networks. As in the case of local networks, when building a MAN, existing communication lines are not used, but are laid anew.

Convergence in data transmission methods occurs on the platform of optical digital (unmodulated) data transmission over fiber optic communication lines. Due to the sharp improvement in the quality of communication channels in global networks, complex and redundant procedures for ensuring the correctness of data transmission have begun to be abandoned. An example is frame relay networks. In these networks, it is assumed that bit corruption occurs so rarely that the erroneous packet is simply discarded, and all problems associated with its loss are solved by application-level programs that are not directly part of the frame relay network.

Due to new network technologies and, accordingly, new equipment designed for higher quality communication lines, data transfer speeds in existing commercial global networks of the new generation are approaching traditional local network speeds (in frame relay networks speeds of 2 Mbit/s are now available), and in global ATM networks they surpass them, reaching 622 Mbit/s.

As a result, online services are becoming commonplace in global networks. The most striking example is hypertext information World service Wide Web, which has become the main provider of information on the Internet. Its interactive capabilities surpassed those of many similar local network services, so that local network developers had to simply borrow this service from wide area networks. The process of transferring services and technologies from global networks to local ones has become so widespread that even a special term has appeared - intranet technologies (intra - internal), denoting the use of services of external (global) networks in internal - local ones.

Local networks adopt transport technologies from global networks. All new high-speed technologies (Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, l00VG-AnyLAN) support operation over individual communication lines along with traditional shared lines for local networks. To organize individual communication lines, a special type of communication equipment is used - switches. Local network switches are connected to each other according to a hierarchical scheme, similar to how it is done in telephone networks: there are lower-level switches to which network computers are directly connected, switches of the next level connect lower-level switches, etc. Switches of higher levels As a rule, they have greater productivity and work with higher-speed channels, compressing data from lower levels. The switches support not only new local network protocols, but also traditional ones - Ethernet and Token Ring.

In local networks, the same great attention has recently been paid to methods of ensuring the protection of information from unauthorized access, as in global networks. This attention is due to the fact that local networks are no longer isolated; most often they have access to the “big world” through global connections. In this case, the same methods are often used - data encryption, user authentication, erection of protective barriers that protect against penetration into the network from the outside.

Finally, new technologies are emerging that are primarily designed for both types of networks. The most striking representative of the new generation of technologies is ATM technology, which can serve as the basis not only for local and global computer networks, but also telephone networks, as well as broadcast video networks, combining all existing types of traffic in one transport network.

conclusions

When classifying networks by territorial basis, they distinguish between local (LAN), global (WAN) and metropolitan (MAN) networks.

LAN - concentrated in an area of ​​no more than 1-2 km; built using expensive high-quality communication lines, which allow, using simple data transmission methods, to achieve high data exchange rates of the order of 100 Mbit/s. The services provided are varied and usually involve on-line implementation.

WAN - connects computers dispersed over hundreds and thousands of kilometers. Often existing, low-quality communication lines are used. Lower data transfer rates than in local networks (tens of kilobits per second) limit the range of services provided to file transfer, mainly not online, but in the background, using email. For stable transmission of discrete data, more complex methods and equipment are used than in local networks.

MAN - occupy an intermediate position between local and global networks.

The local network. Wired or wireless computer the local network is a necessary and familiar element of the technical infrastructure of any office, institution or industrial enterprise. Connecting computers into a single network based on Ethernet and Wi-Fi technologies for exchanging data packets allows you to implement and operate network software products, optimize all internal information processes, organize Internet access for each workplace and ensure data protection from unauthorized access from the outside.

New communication solutions and modernization of local networks

A well-organized and configured office network in the past, even if it continues to serve the basic communication needs of staff and the operation of network software products, becomes obsolete over time. Introduction of new information technologies and technical solutions increases the load on the network, and in most cases requires its hardware upgrade. In addition, the availability of seamless service and guest Wi-Fi networks in the office has become a definite standard.

Implementation of the ordered corporate client high-speed Internet access services from one of the leading Moscow providers, Canmos, as well as the organization of modern telephone communication based on VoIP technologies, carried out via an optical cable laid in the customer’s office. Quality of service provision at each individual workplace local network depends on the capabilities of the customer’s network equipment and the features of its configuration.

Ways to modernize an existing office network

In many cases, in order to fully take advantage of the technical capabilities and benefits of all connected services from the Canmos provider, including modern IP PBX and multi-channel digital IP television, you will have to replace existing Ethernet switches and routers with new, “gigabit” devices. And also purchase and install faster and more powerful Wi-Fi routers. The whole complex necessary equipment, in consultation with your technical staff, will be supplied and optimally configured by Canmos specialists.

The local network - the most important element of the enterprise network structure. This is the basis on which other IT services are built. The CANMOS company offers its assistance in the design and creation of local networks, which significantly saves the company’s finances and optimizes the activities of your business.

Local network for office

A local network in the office helps in seconds to transfer huge amounts of information from device to device (phone, computer, printer, scanner, etc.) working through a perfectly configured network. Creating a great working local network- this is turning it into a trouble-free and reliable tool, which makes it possible to achieve business goals. To do this, CANMOS specialists use reliable computing equipment, optimal settings, proven programs and other IT services.

CANMOS service

The CANMOS company offers clients a variety of activities for professional configuration of an enterprise local network:

Comprehensive setup of a local network according to the needs of your business;

Setting up document exchange folders and printers;

Connection to the World Wide Web;

High-quality professional services for wireless and wired networks;

IP telephony connection;

Setting up office PBX, digital TV and other network services.

The comprehensive approach of our highly qualified specialists to setting up a local network ensures consistently high results. CANMOS professionals with extensive experience in organizing LANs of various sizes will audit the state of your local network, identify problems, develop a plan for their elimination and proper configuration. Our specialists in networks of various configurations and complexity will prepare and implement a set of measures specifically for your organization to optimize the operation of the local network and advise on any questions that arise.

The goal of CANMOS is to operate computers and local networks without failures or emergency situations. It is important to prevent problems rather than solve them later. Therefore, take the main step in the development of your IT company! Contact CANMOS, and we will take care of all the worries!

Local network concepts and definitions

In order to order a local network for your office, you need to understand what it is, and whether you need to create a local network in your company, what kind of local network you need: wired, wireless, optical, or maybe you need to use Q in Q technology. Answers to these questions will significantly improve company communications, increase productivity, and also achieve greater profits at the same cost.

The local network This is a set of devices interconnected by a logical or physical channel and having transparent communication. Let's break down this definition! A physical channel is a cable: twisted pair, optical cable. It will be difficult to transmit software commands from a computer to a printer or scanner using other types of cable. For a short distance of up to 100 meters, a twisted pair cable is sufficient, but for long distances of up to tens of kilometers, an optical media or optical cable is required, the signal through which is transmitted at the speed of light. It’s clear with the cable, I connected the necessary devices to each other with cables, configured the router and network signals began to be transmitted between the devices, which the router sends to the specified addresses. A logical communication channel between devices is when it is necessary to be able to transmit independent traffic in one cable. A striking example of connecting devices into a local network using a logical channel is connecting devices using Q In Q technology. We get a local network that is located at different providers in different cities, but works the same way as a local network that is created between devices in the same room . Communication between devices is ensured by the router; it, as a dispatcher, organizes sending and receiving signals between devices without creating obstacles. Typically, a local network is a network of one company and does not require network isolation and a network security level, but it is always possible to divide the network into segments.

QinQ Local Network

qinq. Are you trying to get maximum profit when renting out premises? Don’t want to lose potential clients by renting out offices in the Central Administrative District of Moscow? Just contact C anmos and connect QinQ to the largest traffic exchange point M9 on Butlerova, 22, organizing for its tenants the most comfortable conditions for connecting their local networks to any of more than five thousand providers in the country.

QinQ fromCanmos : for those who think about their clients

The Central Administrative District of Moscow is a priority area when looking for a new office for companies of various levels. If you are lucky enough to have retail, industrial, or office space here, all that remains is to count the profit. However, many city landlords are faced with prospective clients refusing their premises based on the lack of necessary communications.

There are hundreds of providers in the metropolis, it is impossible to provide optical input from each, but you don’t want to lose clients because they are accustomed to a specific one, which is not available in the proposed office center. Prospects for growth of potential profits are declining, the liquidity of prestigious real estate is falling. How to fix the situation?

Technology Q in Q(extension to standard IEEE 802.1ah-2008), otherwise known as double tagging, helps prevent financial losses. How? Elementary! A building that is rented has one optical input (cable), which transports the traffic of all tenants to one exchange point - M9 (leading Russian switch company MSK IX). Already there, each of the companies chooses the provider whose services they are accustomed to, the most profitable for themselves in terms of the cost of tariffs or other options.

Note that the provider's backbone bridge, described in the standard technology IEEE 802.1ah-2008, includes transportation not only network traffic Internet, but also telephony and television. The Double VLAN option (another name) will be useful not only for owners of business centers, but also for network companies involved in arranging communications in new office buildings.

Using Canmos services, you will be able to transmit secure traffic of your tenants, subscribers, to the networks of any providers, without losing potential clients due to the lack of a mass of optical inputs, without enveloping the building in a tangle of wires. The number of refusals to rent premises at a specific address is decreasing, the prestige of your office center or other facility is growing, the number of people wishing to move into the building is increasing, and so is the profit. Everything ingenious is simple!

Contact us to organize a channel to MSK IX using Q -in -Q technology from any address in the Central Administrative District of Moscow, and stabilize your income.

Local WIFI network

Creating a local network of guest WI FI - Free Wi Fi. Free Internet in public places: restaurants, cafes, theater lobbies and other public places should be equipped with free wi-fi service. Visitors want internet Free WIFI an office center and a restaurant want to advertise their products and services by visiting the website of a company that has installed free Internet and this is normal, good for visitors and the restaurant management. This gives the restaurant an opportunity to advertise its services in more detail. The visitor gets the opportunity to use free internet leaving (legal requirement) your phone number when registering. He can use the Internet (free wi fi) at good speed and for free, while he goes to a website that describes the services of this restaurant, if he is interested in something, he can send links to his friends and acquaintances, if not, he just quickly runs through the establishment’s website and closes it and will continue to use free wi-fi without restrictions for the duration established by the owner of the restaurant; at the end of the period (this can be one day or a month), you will need to register again. All phone numbers of visitors left during free wi fi registration are available to the restaurant administration. The restaurant can send an SMS to these phone numbers once a month with a reminder about itself and its services. It turns out that this is a mutually beneficial agreement: the user leaves a phone number, and the restaurant provides high-speed wi-fi for free. This service is useful to visitors and many legal entities: clinics, shops, clubs, restaurants - where clients gather and they want to communicate with friends via high-speed Internet while in line for an appointment or sitting at a table. An opportunity to pass the time on the free high-speed Internet and explore the establishment in more detail.

Seamless, wireless LAN

WI FI in the office for employees (seamless wi fi network) - organization of a seamless wi fi network over large areas: office, office center and industrial premises. Creating a local network based on wi fi allows you to quickly put network equipment into operation. Guest seamless wi fi local networks allow you to organize access via a local network to the Internet by registering once and moving throughout the entire territory without the need for registration. The subscriber, moving between wi-fi routers, announces himself, each router allows entry, since he knows about the device, you simply do not notice this while constantly being connected.

Office LAN

Local network that uses mixed connections wireless network and wired Internet, allows you to work with high reliability, as well as use speeds up to 1Gb/s. In a mixed network, several subnets can be allocated for particularly sensitive applications, such as a company's telephone network or video content from surveillance cameras. Creation local networks requires care and precision, knowledge of protocols and certain experience. The canmos company has the necessary experience and qualifications to create a local network of any complexity

Local network with Internet access

Internet. Do employees regularly complain about interruptions in the Internet, about inconveniences in work associated with the absence or improper operation of the local network? Are contracts falling through due to inability to issue invoices on time, and labor costs rising as time to complete job duties increases? The C anmos company is ready to solve the raised problems promptly, inexpensively and professionally, ensuring stable operation local network with Internet access. Installation of guest Wi-Fi within the walls of any office, entertainment venue, or service establishment, which will allow all guests and employees to have access to the Internet from any gadget. Organizing a local network with WI FI elements and a wired part will ensure the necessary load balance. By identifying the most important elements of the network and connecting them with wires.

It is on these three pillars that the successful activities of our company are based:

Professionalism . We know everything about local networks and are ready to implement the latest developments in IT technologies as efficiently as possible. Your contact to our company, a simple call, will launch a well-functioning installation mechanism local network with Internet access. 14 years of successful activity in the digital technology market guarantee results.

Stability . The networks we have installed do not fail, they are reliable, modern, and are able to cope with the functions assigned to them in full. The equipment used in our work has all the necessary certificates and has been tested not only by time, but also by consumers.

Benefit. Service local network with Internet access, We provide services at the lowest rates in the region. Our prices are not bad, and the economic benefits of cooperation with C anmos become obvious after several months of work in the networks installed by us.

Additional bonuses from contacting us will be: free consultations on network installation issues, round-the-clock technical support, maximum optimization of deadlines for fulfilling obligations. We work quickly and conscientiously.

What will you get by contacting us?

The result of the appeal directly depends on the tasks assigned. If the priority is to reduce labor costs and design a wired local network to speed up document flow within the office and production, we will select optimally productive equipment. The most modern routers and switches capable of providing speeds of up to 1 Gbit/s - only thoughts are faster.

If you want to increase the loyalty of visitors to the establishment, provide maximum comfort for customers - order from us the installation and design of guest Wi-Fi. The option is necessary for service and catering enterprises, institutions with a constant flow of visitors waiting within the walls of the building. Thanks to her, the owner of a cafe, medical center, etc., in addition to warm reviews, will receive additional opportunity for advertising.

Wired and seamless local networks with Internet access– our work, which we love and do with love!

Local networks in the office

Telephone. Internet. A television. How to transfer over a local network?

Converged LAN

Does your office resemble a tangle of intertwined wires? The quality of communication leaves much to be desired, and the costs for it are constantly growing? Don't know how to simultaneously combine different data transfer protocols without compromising speed and quality? A convergent local network is something that will help make communications more modern, stable, faster, while minimizing the costs of its arrangement and installation. A converged network allows the transmission of traffic for various purposes on one physical network.

An economical solution for those who keep up with the times

A corporate local network is a complex mechanism, without which not a single reputable office can do today. It may include hundreds personal computers, telephones, televisions, and can be designed for several pieces of equipment, but the requirement for communication quality and its stability remains the same, despite the number of equipment. Ensure reliable data transmission of various formats (voice, electronic files, video) and at the same time save money, a converged network will help.

It is based on the ability, within one design solution (cable), to ensure the transmission of IP packets: voice data, video, databases. At the same time, the end user receives a full-fledged telephone network, with the ability to organize video conferencing, and high-speed Internet access from his regular computer.

No special knowledge or preparation for working in a converged network is required, which means that the number of calls from ordinary employees to the company’s IT department will be sharply reduced, which will reduce labor costs and increase productivity. The benefits of installing such a computer network also include a reduction in the number of communications - a sufficient minimum set of equipment and one copper cable, instead of several.

Such apparent simplicity does not mean that a network of this type is easy to install and does not tolerate an amateurish approach at all. In setting up corporate networks, experience plays a paramount role - it is this that allows you to make an office local area inexpensively and well.

C anmos employees are able to cope with the task quickly and with benefit for the client, because we have over 14 years of experience in laying local networks. We are familiar with all the computing equipment sold on the Russian market, and we know which is the best for certain purposes. Our willingness to offer our existing knowledge and experience at your service at the lowest prices in the Central Administrative District of Moscow is what sets us apart from our competitors.

Local telephone network

Telephony. Are you planning to organize for your organization a local telephone network and access to the World Wide Web to provide your employees with telephone communications? The specialized company CANMOS can help with this. We offer a professional installation of a telephone exchange, a local telephone network or voice broadcasting over the World Wide Web, ensuring employee communication by phone through an electronic secretary with an additional number and covering your entire office with a local telephone network. CANMOS will also create a personal voice mailbox for each employee, which will help optimize their activities.

Local telephone network

Local telephone network in enterprises of all sizes, these are telephone exchanges connected by communication satellites, fiber-optic or copper cables. In progress phone call The telephone exchange establishes a connection between interlocutors to solve a variety of production issues. Depending on the type of communication, different signaling (including fax and modem) is used to establish, maintain, change and terminate the connection. Telephony allows clients to use information services, receive and transmit graphic and other types of information, providing unlimited opportunities for further development.

Telephony from CANMOS

Telephone communication is a comfortable and popular way of communication. Being a respected provider of modern telephony and Internet in Moscow, CANMOS, which has an excellent reputation among subscribers who have been using our services for a long time, offers:

High quality of services;

Alternative advanced communication technology solutions;

Ample opportunities;

Technical support;

The most favorable conditions.

We implement various types of connections in head office departments and structural units in Russian cities and abroad, starting from a digital (wired) telephone and ending with an office multi-channel IP PBX.

Look for new ways! Contact CANMOS and save your organization’s finances by using new reliable and cost-effective technologies that significantly reduce material and energy costs!

PBX, creation of a local telephone network

Automatic telephone exchange
Local telephone network for high-quality office telephony - telecommunication solutions that provide offices, various enterprises, institutions and commercial organizations with uninterrupted high-quality telephone communications. The specialized company CANMOS offers all managers assistance in installing PBX and telephony at competitive prices.

IP PBX from CANMOS

IP PBX creates a telephone network via the Internet - it is a powerful universal tool with wide capabilities for receiving and processing huge amount making phone calls, maintaining a client base, effectively attracting and servicing clients, both regular and new. A local network for high-quality office telephony, in combination with other tools (web interface, CRM, mobility), is especially indispensable for businesses with a sales department.

Advantages of IP PBX

IP PBX provides a lot of advantages to managers who contact CANMOS with questions about its installation and configuration. This:

Automation of call processing operations, reducing financial costs for staff maintenance;

Multiple productivity increases;

Ability to evaluate staff performance;

Control over the execution of tasks and the work of managers;

The ability to record and further listen to conversations and quickly change scripts in order to increase the efficiency of sales managers;

Using methods and techniques of call centers of any company;

24/7 availability of the company;

Generated database of potential clients.

CANMOS company provides customers with the opportunity to purchase an office PBX and communication services in a “one window”, modern IP PBX equipment and round-the-clock technical support for communication services!

IP PBX system capabilities

The specialized company CANMOS offers its clients the following capabilities of IP PBX and communication services:

Creation of multifunctional telephone communication in the office;

Work from any computer device connected to the World Wide Web;

Multi-channel phone number for calls from outside and the ability for several managers to work through one number;

Ability to record conversations with clients;

Making calls between employees using short numbers;

Integration of a CRM system for maintaining cards and history of contacts with clients;

Additional functions – call forwarding, IVR voice menu and others;

Flexibility of the reporting system for managers;

Automation of the system for sending commercial offers and invoices using customer cards;

Possibility of working as freelancers.

Optimize your business by organizing contacts with minimal time and financial costs with our help! Contact CANMOS, and we will do everything so that you are not disappointed!

IP telephony, telephone network

IP telephony - creation of a telephone network for free communication.
Every competent manager understands that IP telephony is a modern Internet communications service that allows you to create a full-fledged telephone network in an organization, which will significantly reduce the financial costs of voice messages and increase the company’s communication efficiency. The specialized company CANMOS is your assistant in this difficult task!

The meaning of IP telephony from CANMOS

Telephone conversations, especially long-distance or international, are a huge expense item in business, which can and should be reduced. IP telephony provided by CANMOS is a convenient way to talk without restrictions, but economically, with the people you need. This service is available everywhere, both within the country and abroad, where there is The World Wide Web. Access to " Personal account", which contains prices for IP telephony, tariff variations, a detailed expense report, etc., you can obtain by entering your password and login or using a static address.

Obvious advantages of using IP telephony from CANMOS

IP telephony, established by the specialized company CANMOS, provides ample opportunities for transmission voice messages like this:

Creation of many additional lines in order to simultaneously solve several business problems;

No restrictions on the number of call attempts;

Free communication between employees within the corporate network;

Providing premium termination;

Convenient calls at low rates;

Constant high quality communication.

Mobility – availability of the service anywhere where there is Internet;

Communication reliability;

Guaranteed safety;

Ease of use;

Convenient connection - from a mobile, landline, IP phone or using special programs on a computer or smartphone;

Favorable prices (even for small companies), thanks to flexible tariffs and excellent discounts provided by us.

Expand the capabilities of your business together with CANMOS, which will connect and configure services within a few minutes! Establish a connection with partners anywhere on Earth!

Moscow telephone numbers

Moscow telephone numbers, local telephone network in the office

For those who strive to develop their business, attract new clients, and increase the level of loyalty of consumers and partners to their organization, they will definitely need a beautiful phone number with a Moscow prefix that will tell the whole world about the solidity and reliability of your company. Moscow telephone numbers are always in demand, because the capital is the concentration of all business areas.

Reliable local telephone network in the office from Canmos with prioritization of telephone traffic and a beautiful number to boot

More or less large organizations strive to have a representative office in Moscow with a functioning office and telephone number. Not just with a phone, but memorable, beautiful and working for good. The specialists of our company will help you select and inexpensively buy just such a beautiful number. A mandatory requirement for purchasing the service is a local network in the office (virtual or physical), to which television, Internet and IP telephony can be connected.

It should be taken into account that when setting up such a network, it is necessary to ensure a stable speed - at least 150 Mbit/s, the absence of packets of different speeds, and configure the prioritization of processing voice packets on the switch and router. Only if all the stated conditions are met, television, telephony and the Internet, being on the same cable, will not interfere with each other and will work stably and uninterruptedly. Our company’s specialists have laid a lot of similar local networks, and are ready to provide the experience and knowledge gained over 14 years of successful activity at your service.

We offer you, in addition to stable communication, to buy a beautiful Moscow telephone number and:

increase the company's prestige in the eyes of customers and partners, because not only the euphonious name of the company is important, but also its light and “even” number, which indicates that money was spent on its purchase, which means the company can afford such expenses, it is reputable, successful and reliable;

attract new clients, because now it will be easy to remember a beautiful number, which means a potential buyer of a product/service will call you, and not your competitors. The proposal is especially relevant for the production of street advertising, video and printed publications, and increases their effectiveness.

Choose beautiful Moscow phone numbers by contacting Canmos, enjoy the stable and reliable operation of the local network installed by us and pay for it at minimal rates.

Television via local network in the office

Modern trends tend to replace analog television with digital television. This helps improve the quality of audio and video formats. The number of TV programs is increasing. CANMOS company offers a wide range of channels distributed in different thematic packages.

Advantages of IPTV

In addition to high-quality digital TV, you will receive free technical support. The signal is received via a local network. This is a stable connection at any time of the day compared to a satellite system. IP-TV is also more accessible in this regard. The signal travels through fiber optic lines. To watch TV channels on a TV or laptop, a set-top box is used. It recognizes video data and reproduces the image on the screen.

The new generation of television is a digital two-way format that gives the right to use interactive services. Now you can not only watch programs one-way, but also stop the broadcast, pause it and continue watching from that moment. You can also rewind the ad block. These benefits are made possible by local area networks (IPTV).

Digital television is broadcast with multi-channel sound and HD resolution. CANMOS communicates via the IP protocol, which combines the headend and the set-top box. Users have access to interactive and media services that regular TV subscribers cannot enjoy. This:

• video rental;
• karaoke at your home;
• parental control function;
• applications;
• video recording;
• pause and rewind;
• video calls;
• communication with gadgets;
• multiscreen;
• films in 3D and HD format.

Beneficial cooperation

Together with CANMOS, new horizons will open up for you. You decide what it should be like digital television. For clients whose companies are located in the Central Administrative District of Moscow, special tariff plans. If you are already a user of our Internet and telephony, then the cost of connection and other nuances are discussed individually with the company manager.

Video surveillance over local network

An important component of an effective facility security system is properly designed video surveillance. Thanks to modern technologies it is possible to establish constant visual control over the protected area, which ensures the protection of people and the safety of property. Video monitoring systems help to monitor various emergency situations in a timely manner, prevent negative consequences and material losses.
Local network and highly reliable electronic equipment ensure constant remote access to records over a high-speed channel that are transmitted via a network protocol. Audio and video information processed by IP cameras is stored in network storage on the Canmos server, so you can view it at any time of the day from any PC and even mobile device. All data is reliably protected, since access to the storage is limited to a limited number of persons.

Where are video surveillance systems needed?

- In an office, bank, institution, enterprise. The video monitoring system solves several problems at once: protecting the territory, monitoring the safety of material assets and analyzing the working efficiency of personnel. The premises and the surrounding area are under control around the clock. You can see the protected object in real time, as well as watch archived audio and video recordings.
- In a store, shopping center, beauty salon and restaurant. Any type of business requires control. With the help of video surveillance, you can recreate the real picture of what is happening and prevent illegal actions. Thanks to cameras, you can avoid theft, find out who is right in a conflict situation and monitor the work of your employees.
-In a house, apartment, country house. Operational round-the-clock surveillance of residential real estate helps preserve the property of the owners, protects against illegal entry into the territory and increases the level of comfort of living.

Stages of installation of video surveillance systems

Preliminary inspection of the object;
- compiling a list of economic and technical requirements to the system;
- development of the project and solution options;
- coordination of details with state supervisory authorities and customers;
- installation of equipment and software, also setting up a local network;
- testing and checking the system;
- delivery of work to the customer;
- consultation on the use and capabilities of installed video surveillance.
Our employees’ extensive practical experience and knowledge of the specifics of the work ensure maximum reliability and long-term operation of the video monitoring system. To order installation or get a free consultation, call the indicated phone numbers.

Remote video surveillance of an office, store, restaurant. Video surveillance of your business. Saving recordings from IP video cameras on the server of the provider-canmos. Connection, setting up video surveillance, creating a local network (wired or wi fi) to connect IP cameras to the Internet. Monitoring an apartment, house or summer house - saving files from IP cameras on a server on the Internet, access to video recordings at any time of the day.

Security systems

Fire and security systems
One of the most important priorities is to create a local fire and security network for the organization. Not to mention the fact that timely professional installation of systems is required by law and ensures the safety of hundreds of people, it is also an opportunity to avoid large fines from regulatory authorities and avoid minimal damage in the event of a real threat. The specialized company CANMOS will help all managers and business owners in solving this difficult problem, using all the potential, knowledge and skills of our specialists.

Fire and security systems SAGITTARIUS

The CANMOS company presents to its potential clients the device of a radio-channel fire and security special system SAGITTARIUS, which is easy to use. Our professional specialists have seven years of experience in its trouble-free operation, without any complaints.

SAGITTARIUS is a security and fire system (wireless or wired) with a car alarm, warning and evacuation regulation, automatic fire extinguishing control, access control and management, video recording and auto-monitoring through all communication channels. This is a kind of computer with sensors and transmitters, the operation of which covers the protected object. Each local network can function independently, and at large facilities they can be combined into a single system.

Benefits of CANMOS

The CANMOS company has a lot of advantages in organizing fire and security systems over its competitors:

Application of special system hybridity: “radio - wire”;

Integration of SAGITTARIUS with building automation subsystems (air conditioning, ventilation, lighting and others);

Efficiency of installation and configuration of the on-site radio system;

Guaranteed quality of work of SAGITTARIUS;

Favorable prices;

Excellent discounts on professional high-quality equipment when ordering along with communication channels (Internet, telephony, etc.).

Warranty and post-warranty service.

We work only with reliable and trusted manufacturers, without intermediaries and, accordingly, without extra charges, in compliance high standards quality. Entrust the safety of your business and employees to us, the specialists of the CANMOS company!

Installation of security systems on site: building, office, apartment. Fire safety system connected to the Internet. Strelets security system developed and manufactured by the Argus Spectrum company, an integrated security system into the overall security system of the building. Wireless alarm system Sagittarius and HMB Strelets-Integral can be (as an additional external channel) connected to the Internet, which can significantly increase the possibility of transmitting important information.

Setting up network equipment on a local network

Local network setup and operation information systems- two key factors necessary for the quality functioning of a modern company of any size. Lack of either incorrect work network equipment leads to complication and inhibition of various processes associated with the business activities of your company. You can prevent the development of this phenomenon now by contacting our company for help.

Setting up a local network to suit all customer requirements

The CANMOS company will quickly, efficiently and inexpensively configure network equipment to optimize the activities of your organization. This is necessary for an uninterrupted system for transferring any information between several independent information devices (PCs), as well as for the prompt solution of assigned tasks by each employee. To achieve this, our specialists carry out a whole range of work aimed at performing the following actions:

1. Setup network cards all computers for access and obtaining IP addresses;

2. Setting up a working group;

3. Setting up general information space for the work of possible structural divisions of the company;

4. Creating shared access to computer disks;

5. Configuring various other system equipment to ensure proper operation of the local network;

6. If necessary, we will perform administration, monitoring the functioning of the network, various preventive maintenance, modernization and other actions agreed upon with the customer.

Troubleshooting and high-quality local network organization

If a local network between devices is already connected, but a malfunction is detected during operation, CANMOS representatives will audit the system equipment, configure the malfunction, and also search for the causes of its occurrence. After completing the assigned tasks, we guarantee high speed and process of information exchange within the network to the extent required by production needs. Most network setup services are carried out in the shortest possible time to prevent risks in the operation of your company. Therefore, if you are looking for qualified specialists, call us!

Computer assistance to legal entities in Moscow

Maintaining computer park functionality;
> Troubleshooting computers;
> Optimization of computer operation;
> Installation, configuration and debugging software, in operation, as well as newly installed at workstations;
> Conducting a technical audit;
> Free delivery of equipment;
> Carrying out full diagnostics and preventive maintenance;
> Checking the operating system for system errors;
> Full data security check;
> Recommendations for improving and optimizing the operation of computer equipment;
> Remote administration;
> Maintaining the functionality of the Internet, changing the provider if necessary;
> Support local / WI-FI networks;
> Setting up a network workstation;
> Selection and installation of drivers;
> Treatment, removal of viruses;
>Update antivirus programs;
> Installation and replacement of PC components;
> Installation peripheral devices;
> Local area network maintenance;
> Configuring active network equipment;
> Connecting and setting up computer equipment;
> Setting up operating systems.

Hosting, quick website creation

Creating a website (web page), the required time is about one hour, a complex website takes about a month to complete. We will provide hosting, install your phone number on the site, online calls, call back numbers, and optimize the site for requests search engines(yandex, google), we will provide the site with fast loading speed.

We will provide a 50% discount on website creation to a company located in the Central Administrative District of Moscow.

Modern technologies make it possible to: place a multi-channel telephone number on the website, a form for contacting clients, WebRTC telephony - a call from a computer to the office, Call Back telephony - allows you to call from a phone from any country to your office for free.

Colocation

Hosting. Tired of inflated prices and communication interruptions? The response to a ticket from your provider may take several hours, or is the support service not working at all on weekends? Are power outages occurring in your current data center, causing your server to remain without power, operations to stop, or equipment to break down? Stop using the services of would-be providers, it’s time to move to a new level of physical hosting from C anmos!

Colocation from C anmos: security, reliability, availability

The service of placing client servers in your data center with specialized equipment and equipment is called colocation ( c olocation). This does not mean at all that any entrepreneur with free space can house a bunch of hardware. The main thing here is to ensure proper climatic and technological conditions, uninterruptible power supply, including backup, fire safety, and, of course, connections to other providers.

Our company boasts 3 gigabit channels, including to the largest traffic exchange point in the country - MSK-IX 10GE (the famous M9 on Butlerova, 7). A 10 gigabit core network allows you to avoid overloads and ensure maximum connection speed to a server of any configuration. Q-in-Q technology is being implemented to any point in the Central Administrative District of Moscow. Direct connection can be made with any provider.

For colocation, only certified equipment is used, including 19-inch racks with a cable management system. The minimum speed for a basic connection is 100 Mbit/s, and 2 IP addresses are issued for each server. Maximum speed – 1000 Mbit/s: even if your Internet project is very large-scale, our capacity is enough to ensure its proper functioning!

Key advantage c olocation from C anmos it became possible to independently restart the system remotely via telephone or email. You don’t need to go to the data center yourself in the middle of the night, you just need to write an SMS or email.

At the same time, the support specialists in our company are competent, attentive, efficient employees. Any requests are considered as quickly as possible, consultations on emerging issues are comprehensive, computer rooms are monitored around the clock.

Despite all the obvious advantages, the most popular among our clients are: speed of connection and accessibility. After all, it is time and money that people value most, and we are ready to save them - just contact our manager.

Local networks

LAN Any equipment in the office: computer, printer, telephone, scanner - works via the network. Carrying information from one device to another is inconvenient and labor-intensive. The transfer of information from one device to another using a local network occurs in seconds, the volumes of transmitted information can be very significant and for this you will need to build a good local network using reliable, productive computing equipment, high-quality copper wires, as well as optimal settings, proven programs.

Local network in the office.

This is a wired or wireless network that connects all computers, printers, scanners, servers and other office network equipment. The central node is a switch or switch; in the case of a wireless network, it is a wi-fi router. All wires converge at one point where there is a switch, which serves to pass information, but the task of the switch (switch) does not include routing; a router is usually used to allocate an address to each device. Although now many manufacturers are creating both a router and a switch in one case. In this case, you can use one device that will perform the functions of a router and a switch. In principle, that's all, all that remains is to install the cables, configure the devices (set up the local network) and you can have fun performing production tasks. The canmos company actually deals with setting up equipment, connecting to the Internet, connecting to the telephone network, creating telephony in the office, setting up WI FI for guests and company employees. By dividing access rights to networks and equipment, in principle we take on solving any interesting problems in networks. Organizing a local network and connecting to the Internet is our professional activity, we will discuss the price issue, we will give a good discount on the work and good prices for the Internet in the Central Administrative District of Moscow.

Local network mixed

Creating a local network in a company begins with defining the tasks that this network will fulfill. The next stage is the design and selection of equipment based on performance and manufacturers. Definitions of the method of connection between network elements: wire or wireless technology usually depends on the building and room; agree that it is stupid to lay wires if the renovation of the building or office is made in a certain style and no cable channels are provided. It is also stupid not to connect important elements of the local network with wires if such an opportunity is present in the room. Wired connection of local network elements is more labor-intensive, but has significantly higher reliability and guarantees communication quality, and is much more resistant to various interferences and interference. In general, when installing a local network, it is necessary to pay considerable attention to the possibility of interference and magnetic interference. If there is a microwave oven in the room where you plan to organize communications using wi-fi, interference with the wireless network may occur. No one will be able to determine the source of interference if interference occurs periodically from equipment that is turned on without your control. Example: next door to the office there is a cafe where the microwave oven periodically works, and the wireless connection in the office periodically does not work.

Organizing a local network using mixed connections between elements, important parts of the network are connected by wires, and users, including guests, use wireless connections. A local network of mixed connection technologies between network elements allows you to create an inexpensive and easy-to-use enterprise local network.

Local network in the business center

Modern business centers have a local network in the form of cable channels with laid wires that connect all premises through a single center (usually a server room) to each other. But everywhere or almost in any business center there is a problem of connecting to the provider that the tenant of the space in this business center wants to choose. In the Central Administrative District and many other administrative districts, the situation is being taken to the extreme. A tenant of space in a business center (usually representative offices of large corporations) can connect to communication services: Internet, telephony from only two or three providers that have the right to provide services in this center. To the legitimate question of why I, a tenant, cannot connect to the Internet from my provider, the answer is yes, you can, but the provider must obtain permission from the business center and fulfill the technical conditions. It is not difficult to guess that these conditions are simply extracting money from the provider, who in turn will take this money from the client, that is, from the tenant of space in the business center. Thus, the rent increases, with the help of providers who must pay the management company of the business center.

Business centers that have built a local network that is capable of making any switch look completely different. cable network and organize access to MSK IX (Butlerova St. 7) where all Moscow providers are located. To select any provider by the tenant, the business center must have Q in Q to Butlerov St. 7 and a local network in the business center capable of providing a connection at the required speed of the tenant to the selected provider.

ORDER A LOCAL NETWORK

My idea is this. Create a local network among all users of your city (well, of course, those who agree, and at least not the city, but at least the region).

At the moment, my comrades in arms and I have a local network for 20 machines, absolutely free (I mean subscription fee) for everyone. If you want, pay money for the cable and network card - and connect. We do not have a server, Internet, etc.

In general, there is nothing and no one to pay the subscription fee, sort of home network for fun, created by a bunch of geek friends. But if you take this whole matter and look at it from a commercial point of view, you get an interesting thing.

I imagine all this like this: we need a server in the best meaning of this word, i.e. with all the attributes of a server with several large screws, powerful “guts” and, of course, it is advisable to run it on Linux.

Next, purchase for yourself satellite dish For good access on the Internet or, if you don’t want to spend money, you can just use a dedicated Internet channel. You will also need either a HUB or a SWITCH. I won’t decipher it; anyone who has dealt with networks knows. And who doesn’t know, in a nutshell, these are devices for connecting several computers into a local area. Next, we hang up on houses neighboring the house where the server is located, advertisements with invitations to join the local network, and indicate all the advantages: network games, communication via chat, constantly updated materials on the server (music, films, etc.) and, of course , access to the INTERNET (after all, many people do not have a telephone at home, but the Internet is hotsa).

So, those who want it appear. Even if people are afraid (which will most likely happen) to give money to strangers (i.e. us), you can tell them what they need to buy for connection (what and how much cable, what network adapter, etc.), this is not the point one-time profit, but in a stable income in the form subscription fee and money from the sale of the Internet. The amount of the subscription fee will depend directly on the region. For my city with a population of 450 thousand people and not very rich residents, 150-200 rubles per month is quite acceptable.

So, the newly minted “networker” bought a cable, network adapter, etc. Let's go and negotiate with the house management for a certain baksheesh to let you onto the roof of the house where the cable will be thrown (not everyone is allowed there, checked personal experience). We forward the cable using the communications of the house such as the pipes through which they are thrown antenna cables etc. We solder the connectors, set up everything the client needs on the computer: IP address, subnet masks, etc. On our server we set up remote access to the Internet using Firewall or something similar to it.

Updates on the server can be done very simply: once or twice a month go to a store or market, in general, somewhere where you can rent disks, download movies, music there and upload everything to the screws.

Approximately every house has from 10 to 30 computers, and if at least a third agrees to join the ranks of “networkers”, then this is already good money with the expectation that all this work will be carried out in residential areas where the houses are one to one.

The costs are, in principle, minimal, but you will always have to monitor this whole thing (updates, Internet traffic, etc.).

Well, that's basically it. At this rate, you can continue to develop further and spread your “nets” further and further from house to house.

P.S. The idea, of course, is crude and there are a lot of nuances, but the general idea seems to be conveyed and, it seems to me, all this is heading towards the idea of ​​a home business.

Write [email protected].

City (regional) networks

City (regional) networks(Metropolitan Area Network - MAN) are designed to connect local networks within a single city, as well as connect local networks to global ones. Urban networks represent a kind of intermediate link between high-speed, but geographically limited local networks, and low-speed global networks operating over long distances. The use of metropolitan networks will allow organizations to obtain high-quality and high-speed communications for much less money than when creating their own local network. In Russia, such computer networks have not yet become widespread.

Separately, we should highlight the so-called corporate networks. They are organized by enterprises that have a large number of branches located far from each other, between which it is necessary to organize rapid data exchange. Similar networks are created for own needs specific organization and performing tasks within its activities. At the same time, the network itself is virtual, and direct data transmission is carried out through other networks: the public telephone network, local networks of the organization and its branches, the Internet, etc.

Let's also consider audio and video conferencing(AVKS) is a line of telecommunications services that makes communication at a distance simple and convenient. Using the AVKS system, any formats of business communication accepted at the enterprise can be implemented: meetings-discussions, conference calls, negotiations, seminars, speeches by managers. Participants are separated geographically, but can still see and hear each other. Video conferences can be held between two or more studios, both within a country and between different countries.

AVKS is implemented both using specialized equipment and software using personal computers. The basis of a typical AVKS system is a server that collects audio and video streams from conference participants, a system for displaying information (widescreen TVs, projectors) and outputting the audio stream, as well as client terminals. A new direction in video conferencing systems (Telepresence) allows you to simulate the effect of the presence of remote interlocutors in the same room and at the same table.

AVKS provides the following diagram of possible connections:

• simultaneous connection to IP and ISDN networks, including multipoint conference mode for six participants;
• use as a PC monitor with the ability to simultaneously display images from a PC and a video conference;
• connecting a projector or plasma panel with the ability to display images from a PC, video conference or from an additional VGA signal source;
• use of Memory Stick slot cards for playback/transfer/recording of documents, graphics, address book, etc.;
• support for dual-monitor mode: remote video, local video or received/transmitted image from a PC;
• possibility of simultaneous transmission of two video streams;
• connection of up to two additional VGA signal sources, for example, a laptop and a document camera;
• the ability to connect headphones and up to five additional desktop microphones.

Technical requirements:

• a hall or studio equipped for holding a conference;
• computers with Internet access;
• web camera with Internet broadcasting;
• telephone equipment and communication channels for conference calls.

Also deserves special attention broadband wireless access(BBD) – technology for transmitting data over a radio channel with shared access to a resource (multiple access) of bandwidth for a group of consumers. It is usually carried out at deci- and centimeter waves.

The principle of BWA is that the radio channel of the base station provides the opportunity to organize data transmission simultaneously for several subscriber stations (SS). The topology of such a network is called “point – many points”. The maximum number of subscriber stations served by one base station is determined by the specific model and software of the manufacturer (usually up to several dozen speakers). The capacity of the BS radio channel is evenly divided by the number of simultaneously operating (active) speakers. If only one speaker is active at the current time, then it uses the entire capacity of the BS radio channel to which it is connected. If necessary, it is possible to limit access to the BS to only one AS. This topology is called “point-to-point”.

To increase the coverage range of the base station, use special devices– repeaters. To eliminate/reduce the electromagnetic influence of neighboring BSs on each other, territorial frequency planning of the use of radio frequencies is used.

Broadband wireless access is divided into the following main technologies: Wi-Fi, Pre-WiMAX and WiMAX.

Wi-Fi technology based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards and is used mainly indoors (Internet cafes, museums, etc.). BS coverage area up to 100 m.

Pre-WiMAX technology is based on the IEEE 802.16 standard and is intended for building distributed networks on a city, regional scale, and carrier-class networks (MAN networks). The BS coverage area is about 10 km. It is possible to organize communication beyond the line of sight up to 1–1.5 km (largely depends on the actual conditions of electromagnetic wave propagation). Equipment from different manufacturers is incompatible with each other.

WiMAX technology based on IEEE 802.16d (fixed subscribers) and IEEE 802.16e ( mobile subscribers). The main purpose and characteristics are the same as Pre-WiMAX technology. The main difference is that the main functions are implemented at the hardware level, and not at the software level, as in Pre-WiMAX. Equipment from different manufacturers is compatible with each other.

The main advantage of broadband wireless access systems is the absence of cable lines of the so-called “last mile” in the “subscriber – access point” section, since radio access is used. If the equipment is used indoors, there is no need to obtain solutions

State Commission on Radio Frequencies (GRKCh) for the use of frequencies. To organize communications in open space, frequencies that are free for commercial use are used. Some technologies allow for communication outside the line of sight, others allow for subscriber mobility. The BWA system can be deployed relatively quickly for use and is cheaper to operate compared to cable communication structures.

When organizing a computer network at any level, it is necessary to combine a large number of different computers. So that such a unification occurs as easily as possible, i.e. different types computers and networks could be interconnected and effectively exchange information, International Organization for Standardization(ISO) was developed basic model of open systems interaction(Open System Interconnection - OSI). Today, this model is the international standard for data transmission.

In this model, the so-called hierarchical decomposition method. This means splitting complex system to levels connected by one-sided functional dependence.

Thus, within the framework of this model, each so-called “open system,” which means any system from an individual computer to a global network, consists of seven levels (Fig. 2.1).

Rice. 2.1.

Each of these levels is responsible for performing its own range of tasks and functions.

Physical level. At this level, interaction with the data transmission medium is ensured (various types of cables, etc.), physical: mechanical, electrical and procedural communication parameters are determined. This level is responsible for the readiness of the data transmission medium for operation at any time. Here physical and logical access to the data transmission medium is provided. This level also implements some information security mechanisms, such as encryption.

Data link level. At this level, a certain “order” is introduced into the transmitted message: it is divided into “frames” (in various systems the name may be different), sequences of these frames are formed. The data link layer is also responsible for controlling access to the medium used by several computers, synchronization, error detection and correction.

Network layer. At this level, interaction between two computer network subscribers is organized. Here information exchange in the network is organized, message routes are determined. Routes are defined for "packets" that have a destination address. The network layer is also responsible for error handling, multiplexing, and data flow control.

Transport layer. Here, a data transmission mechanism is defined that is common to a given type of network, regardless of its configuration. This layer supports continuous data transfer between two interacting application processes. For example, the transport layer must ensure error-free data transmission to the specified address, prevent the loss of fragments, and also perform other functions.

Session level. This level establishes an interaction session between two application processes and determines connection parameters. It is responsible for monitoring operating parameters, managing data flows of intermediate storage devices, etc. In addition, the following functions are performed at the session level: password management, calculating fees for using network resources, canceling communication after a failure at lower levels. This level also manages the dialogue between processes at the next – representative – level.

Executive level. At this level, the problems of interaction between application processes are directly solved. The data of one application process is presented in a form understandable for another that interacts with it. The data is also interpreted to present it in a form accessible to the end user. So, here the received “frames” are converted into a screen format or a format for printing devices of this system.

Application layer. This level is responsible for presenting to the end user information received from another network subscriber, converted into an understandable form. System-wide application software and user-specific software are used for these purposes. This model defines the following concepts:

• protocol;
• interface;
• service.

Under protocol refers to a standard that defines the rules for interaction between equal levels of two network subscribers.

The protocol defines the list of commands that programs can exchange, the order in which these commands are transmitted, the rules for mutual verification, and the sizes of transmitted data blocks (packets, frames).

Interface are called the rules that determine the interaction of neighboring levels of one system. For example, the interface between the physical and data link layers, data link and network layers, etc. is defined.

In addition, the layer below it is said to provide a service to the layer below it. For example, the network layer provides a communication service to the transport layer. The transport layer, in turn, provides a transport service to organize a communication session at the next session layer. Thus, the functioning of each layer relies on the services provided by the layer below it. In this case, the first of these levels is said to directly depend on the second.

Creating a local computer network in an organization allows you to solve the following problems of management information support:

• organizing simultaneous work of several users with the same resources (documents, tables, databases, etc.);
• ensuring fast data exchange between network users (using e-mail programs);
• creation of distributed databases - those in which the stored information is physically located not on one, but on several computers;
• creating reliable archives that can be accessed more fast access than traditional paper ones;
• increasing the reliability of information storage and its reliability by processing data by several computers.

When creating a local network for a specific organization, it is necessary to determine what functions this LAN should perform and what range of tasks will be solved within the framework of this technology, i.e. determine network strategy. The work of defining the strategy and further creating the network is usually carried out by a specialized company - a system integrator. This company must offer the client an optimal set of network components in terms of price/quality ratio. At the same time, the proposed network solutions and models must be tested on real equipment in a permanent network laboratory.

When determining the type of LAN to be created, you should decide on the choice of the following components:

• software for applied problems that are supposed to be solved using a LAN;
• network operating system(OS);
• hardware complex (individual computers) required for the functioning of the network OS;
• appropriate communications equipment.

Currently, many companies offer their services in the information systems market - system integrators. As a rule, users give preference to well-known companies offering equipment from well-known global manufacturers.

There are three signs that allow us to assess the reliability and qualifications of a system integrator.

• 1. System network integration must be the main or one of the main activities of the company, i.e. the firm must specialize in a given area.
• 2. The company must have long-term contracts with suppliers of equipment that is offered as network components. The presence of such connections with manufacturing companies gives confidence that the company has real information about the quality of the products offered.
• 3. The company must have significant experience in the successful design, installation, implementation and subsequent maintenance of networks.

It should be noted that even the best companies - system integrators - make many decisions together with the customer. Therefore, in order to correctly explain your wishes and requirements to a specialist, you need to know some basic principles of building local networks and the characteristics of the equipment included in the networks.

Let's look at the various parameters by which networks differ from each other; as a rule, they serve as criteria by which different types of networks can be classified.

Today, twisted pair, coaxial cable, and fiber optic lines are the most widely used means of communication when creating a LAN.

When choosing a cable type, take into account the following characteristics:

• cost of installation and subsequent maintenance;
• data transfer rate;
• maximum range of information transmission, i.e. the distance at which high-quality communication is guaranteed without the use of special repeater amplifiers (repeaters);
• security of data transmission, including noise immunity.

The main difficulty in choosing the appropriate cable type is that it is difficult to simultaneously provide the best values ​​for all these indicators.

The cheapest type of cable connection is the so-called twisted pair(twisted pair). It is a twisted two-core wire. The advantages of this type of cable are low price and ease of installation (including when connecting new nodes to an already operating network).

The disadvantages of twisted pair cables include low noise immunity. To improve this indicator, they often use shielded twisted pair. This type of cable is a regular twisted pair, placed in a shielding (metal) sheath. This increases the cost of twisted pair cable, which approaches the price of coaxial cable.

Coaxial cable In terms of cost, it occupies a middle position between twisted pair and optical fiber. It provides good immunity to interference and is used for long-distance communications.

For broadband data transmission, a special broadband coaxial cable is used. The data transfer speed when using it is higher. Despite all the advantages of this type of cable, its cost is quite high.

Another type of coaxial cable is Ethernet cable. It is also often called "thick Ethernet" or "yellow cable". From a regular coaxial cable this type It is distinguished by its high noise immunity. However, the high price reduces this advantage.

Another, cheaper type of coaxial cable is called Cheapemet, or "thin Ethernet"(thin Ethernet).

The most expensive type of communications equipment is fiber optic lines. The speed of signal propagation along these lines reaches several gigabits per second. Provides good protection from external interference and stray radiation of transmitted information into the external environment. These properties determine the scope of application of fiber optic lines in cases where it is necessary to provide high quality communications over long distances.

The listed types of data transmission channels belong to the so-called wired technologies. Nowadays they are developing at an ever faster pace and wireless communication technologies, which use radio, satellite and laser communication channels to transmit data. This type of technology represents a smart alternative to conventional wired networks and is becoming increasingly attractive. Most Significant Advantage wireless technologies– the ability to work in a network of laptop computer users.

Under network topology understand the structure and principles of connecting computers in a given network.

There are physical and logical topologies. Under physical is understood real circuit computer connections within the network. Logical The topology defines the routes for information exchange. The physical and logical topologies may not be the same.

A LAN can be represented in the form of automated workstations (workstations) united by high-speed data transmission channels. Workstations are connected to transmission channels using network adapters, designed to ensure interaction between workstations within a LAN.

There are several types of network topologies:

• star-shaped;
• ring;
• tire;
• tree-like.

Star topology(Fig. 2.2) is often used in data transmission systems, for example in the Rarekom network. With this network structure, the data flow between two workstations - peripheral network nodes (PCs) passes through a central node - a file server (FS).

The throughput and speed characteristics of this network are determined by the power of the central node. This allows each workstation to be guaranteed a certain amount of throughput. However, if the central node fails, the entire network is disrupted.

If the file server is sufficiently productive and is connected to each network node with its own communication line, then in this case the star topology will be the fastest.

Rice. 2.2.

In a network of this type, conflicting collisions of data flows from different nodes will not occur, since all connections are controlled by the head machine.

The disadvantages of this topology include the high cost of laying cables if the peripheral nodes are very remote from the central node or the latter is not geographically located in the center of the network. When connecting a large number of workstations, ensuring high switching speed is associated with significant hardware costs.

Also, when expanding the network, it will not be possible to use existing cable lines. The new node will have to lay its own separate cable connecting it to the file server.

Due to the large number of functions lying on the central network node, its structure becomes complex, which negatively affects the reliability of its operation. To ensure more stable operation, in most modern LANs with a star topology, the switching and network management functions are separated (Fig. 2.3).

Rice. 2.3.

Instead of a single central node, there is a switch and a network server, between which the responsibilities of the central node for switching and management are distributed. In this case, the network server (NS) is connected to the switch as a workstation that has maximum priority, i.e. served first.

Another type of topological structure is ring topology(Fig. 2.4). In a network of this type, workstations are connected to each other in a circle, i.e. the first with the second, the second with the third, the third with the fourth, etc. The last node connects to the first.

Rice. 2.4.

Each workstation on the network has its own address. When one of the stations receives a request from another node, it sends information to the network, indicating the recipient's address. Information circulates on the network in a circle until it reaches the addressee. The time between sending and receiving a message increases in proportion to the number of network nodes.

A ring topology can be very efficient because messages to different nodes can be sent one after another around the ring at short intervals. It is also very easy to send a request to all stations on the network at once.

Cabling can be difficult and expensive if the physical location of the nodes is far from the ring shape, for example, if the workstations are located in a single line.

Another problem encountered in ring topology networks is that if at least one station fails, the entire network stops working. This is due to the fact that each node actively participates in the exchange of information between all workstations.

Associated with this feature is the need to briefly disconnect the network to connect a new node, since during its installation the ring must be open.

This problem is eliminated by organizing a double ring, when additional communication lines and switching devices allow you to change the LAN configuration.

Limitations on the length of this type of network are determined by the distance between two neighboring stations.

A separate type of ring topology is a logical ring network. Physically, it is a ring connection of subnetworks built according to a star topology. Individual "stars" are connected using special switches. Depending on the number of workstations and the length of the cable laid between them, switches can be passive (splitters) or active, which includes an amplifier.

The third type of topological network structure is bus topology(Fig. 2.5).

Rice. 2.5.

With a bus topology, all network nodes are connected to a single information channel– the bus through which data is transmitted from all connected workstations. In this case, each network node can directly come into contact with any other workstation.

Connecting new or disconnecting faulty network nodes can occur at any time without disrupting the operation of the network as a whole. However, finding a faulty station is difficult, since it is difficult to judge the state of the network about its individual components - the functioning of the entire network does not depend on the operation of a specific workstation. At the same time, there is a direct dependence of the operation of the network on the state of the bus itself and its components - any malfunction of the main line paralyzes the entire network.

Typically, when building a bus topology network, a “thin” Ethernet cable with a tee splitter is used. At the same time, connecting new nodes requires breaking the bus, which disrupts the operation of the network. In order to avoid this, passive plug boxes are used, which allow you to connect or disconnect workstations while the LAN is operating.

In a network with direct information transmission, at any given time, only one station has the right to transmit information. To avoid collisions of information flows emanating from different network nodes (collisions), the time separation method is often used. This method means that each workstation at a certain point in time has the priority right to transmit data. This method is not used in all network technologies that use a bus topology. This is typical for Arknct networks. IN Ethernet networks Another method of conflict resolution is used: when simultaneously attempting to transmit data from different network nodes, each workstation “freezes” for a random period of time, and then repeats the attempt to transmit the message.

In broadband LANs, where modulation is used to transmit messages, a frequency division mechanism is used to avoid collisions: each workstation receives a frequency on which it can transmit and receive information. Data circulating in the network is modulated at the appropriate frequency. Modems are used for this. Working with broadband messages allows you to transmit a fairly large amount of information.

Tree structure of LAN(Fig. 2.6) is a combination of networks built according to the principles of the already described topologies: “star”, “ring”, “bus”.

In this topological structure, all communication channels ("tree branches") converge at one point - the "root".

Computer networks of this type are used where it is impossible to build networks of any basic type of topology.

To connect a large number of network nodes, network amplifiers and (or) switches are used. Active hubs (AC) are also used - switches that simultaneously have amplifier functions. In practice, two types of active concentrators are used: those providing the connection of eight or sixteen lines.

Rice. 2.6.

Another type of switching device is a passive hub, which allows you to organize a network branch for three workstations. The small number of connected nodes means that a passive concentrator (PsK) does not need an amplifier. Such concentrators are used in cases where the distance to the workstation does not exceed several tens of meters.

Compared to a bus or ring topology, the tree topology is more reliable. The failure of one of the network components in most cases does not affect the overall performance of the network.

The local network topologies discussed above are basic, i.e. basic. Real LANs are built based on the tasks that a given local network is designed to solve, and on the structure of its information flows. Thus, in practice, LAN topology is a synthesis of traditional types of topologies.

Based on various types of switching equipment and topological structures, several technology standards for constructing local computer networks have been developed.

Another type of computer networks are global networks. Let's consider the history of creation and development global Internet.

In 1957, a separate structure was created within the US Department of Defense - the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). ARPA's main work was devoted to developing a method for connecting computers to each other. The global Internet began to develop on the basis of the ARPAnet (Advanced Research Project Agency Network), created by ARPA in 1969.

This network was intended to connect various scientific centers, military institutions and defense enterprises. For its time, ARPAnet was an advanced and extremely resilient closed system. With its help, it was planned to facilitate the process of communication between numerous organizations working for the defense industry, as well as create virtually indestructible communication channels. In particular, when creating ARPAnet it was assumed that this system will continue to function in the event of a nuclear attack.

The project was based on three basic ideas:

• each node in the network is connected to others, so that there are several different paths from node to node;
• all nodes and links are considered unreliable - there are automatically updated packet forwarding tables;
• a packet intended for a non-neighboring node is sent to the one closest to it according to the packet redirection table; if this node is unavailable, it is sent to the next one, etc.

These ideas were supposed to ensure the functioning of the network in the event of the destruction of any number of its components. In principle, the network could be considered operational even if only two computers were functioning. The system created according to this principle did not have a centralized control center and, therefore, could easily change the configuration without the slightest damage to itself.

Initially, the network consisted of 17 mini-computers. Each memory had a capacity of 12 KB. In April 1971, 15 nodes were connected to the network. In 1972, the ARPAnet network already included 63 nodes.

In mid-1975, the opinion began to spread among network users that transmitting a letter over a computer network was much faster and cheaper than the traditional method. This is how e-mail began to emerge - a service without which it is impossible to imagine the Internet today.

Soon the UUCP (Unix-to-Unix Copy) program appears. This led to the creation of the next service - USEnet (network news). This is what the network was originally called, allowing the user to log into the computer where the information was located and select from there all the materials of interest to him. Already at the initial stage of development, the number of users of the USEnet network tripled annually. Quite quickly, the architecture and principles of the ARPAnet network ceased to meet the requirements put forward. There was a need to create a universal data transfer protocol.

In 1974, the Internet Network Working Group (INWG), created by DARPA, developed the universal transmission and networking protocol Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), which is the basis for the functioning of the Internet. In 1983, DARPA mandated the use of the TCP/IP protocol on all ARPAnet computers, on the basis of which the US Department of Defense divided the network into two parts: separately for military purposes - MILnet and scientific research– ARPAnet.

Initially, the network was focused only on transferring files and unformatted text. However, for the work of many users, an infrastructure was needed that allowed them to work in a more convenient mode, in particular, to exchange research results via the Internet in the form of formatted and illustrated text familiar to scientists, including links to other publications. In 1989, the European Particle Physics Laboratory (CERN, Switzerland, Geneva) developed hypertext document technology - the World Wide Web, which allows access to any information located online on computers around the world. This was the beginning of the World Wide Web, which has now intertwined almost the entire computer world with its networks and made the Internet accessible and attractive to millions of users.

In 1990, the ARPAnet ceased to exist, and in its place the Internet arose.

To the main features of the Internet can be attributed:

• universality of the concept, independent of internal device connected networks and types of hardware and software;
• maximum reliability of communications with the obviously low quality of communications, communications equipment and equipment;
• the ability to transmit large amounts of information.

The rapid expansion of the network has introduced range issues not envisioned in the original design, forcing developers to find technologies to manage large, distributed resources.

In the original project, the names and addresses of all computers connected to the Internet were stored in one file, which was edited manually and then distributed throughout the Internet. It soon became clear that the central database was ineffective. First, requests to update the file were soon to exceed the capacity of the people handling them. Second, even if the correct central file existed, there was not enough network bandwidth to allow either frequent distribution of it across all locations or rapid access to it from each location.

New protocols were developed, and a system began to be used throughout the entire unified Internet network, which allowed any user to automatically determine the address of a remote machine by its name. Known as domain system names(DNS), this mechanism relies on machines called name servers to respond to name requests. There is no one machine that contains the entire name database. Instead, the data is distributed across multiple machines that use TCP/IP protocols to communicate with each other to respond to requests.

Thus, today the Internet is a combination of a huge number of different computer networks almost all over the world.

Today, the Internet is a global network with which a new stage in the development of the information revolution of the late 20th century is associated. The advantages of the network include:

• practically unlimited possibilities for transmitting and distributing information;
• remote access to huge amounts of accumulated information resources;
• communication between users of computer networks in different countries of the world.

The Internet is a worldwide collection of interconnected computer networks. The use of common protocols of the TCP/IP family and a single address space allows us to speak of the Internet as a single global “metanetwork” or “network of networks”. When working on a computer with an Internet connection, you can establish a connection with any other computer connected to the Internet and exchange information using one or another Internet application service (WWW, FTP, E-mail, etc.).

A home computer or local network workstation gains access to the global Internet by establishing a connection (permanent or session) with the computer service provider– an organization whose network has a permanent connection to the Internet and provides services to other organizations and individual users. A regional service provider working with end users is connected, in turn, to a larger service provider - a national network with nodes in different cities of the country or even in several countries. National networks gain access to the global Internet by connecting to international service providers - networks that are part of the global Internet backbone infrastructure. In addition, regional and national service providers, as a rule, establish connections among themselves and organize the exchange of traffic between their networks in order to reduce the load on external channels.