A message on the topic of personal information. Definition of the concept of personal information space

The term “information space” refers to the totality of the results of human semantic activity. Philosophy, according to the idealistic sense, interprets the above concept as “the world of names and titles, associated with the ontological one.”

• databases and data banks;
• technologies for their application;
• information communication systems that operate on the basis general principles and provide information interaction between citizens and organizations, and also satisfy, to a certain extent, their information needs.

Experts say that there is no precise definition of the concept of “information space”. Most often it is understood as a logical opposition to the material, that is, the objective world.

Features of the information space

It should be noted that the information space has the following characteristics:

• it has no boundaries or familiar territory;
• allows the existence of any type of information;
• is the sphere of activity of government entities, professional groups or individuals (that is, the information space is universal);
• does not have a completed state, that is, it develops dynamically;
• has a certain structure, that is, it is not homogeneous, since there are barriers in it that push the consumer’s attention away from a specific point and attractors that attract him;
• has good protection;
• differs in nationally specific methods of constructing, processing and disseminating data.

In addition, the space of information is characterized by some unique societies that have no direct analogues in other spaces. This:

• social virtual society;
• network society;
• online community;
• virtual coalition.

Structure of the information space

The information space consists of:

• information fields;
• information flows.

The first is the totality of all information that is concentrated in given volume space-time. An information field is created using genetic, objective and idealized information.

Information flow is a set of data that moves in the above space through special communication channels.

The technological components of the information space include:

• information (computers distributed geographically in the country (world), which are interconnected in a network by means of communication and communications);
• that are located on computer media (information arrays in the form of automated databases, resources that are distributed on websites, on the Internet);
• tools and methods of applied mathematics (software systems and algorithms);
• legal and organizational measures (international regulatory legal documents, international treaty agreements, conferences);
• information technologies.

The information space of social systems includes:

• units of information space that generate data (media, newsmakers, experts, producers of social information);
• communication channels (electronic, printed or other media, commodity and monetary channels, interpersonal communication);
• areas (information hubs, super innovators and data innovators).

Main functions of the information space

Experts note the following functions performed by the information space:

• Integrating. The space of information unites various types of human activities and the subjects involved in them into a single socio-cultural and spatial-communicative environment.
• Communicative. The information space forms a special environment for interactive, cross-border, mobile communication of various subjects of activity, within whose framework they carry out information exchange.
• Geopolitical. The space of information creates, significantly changes the significance of traditional resources, which contributes to the creation of a new environment of competition and geopolitical relations.
• Updating. In the information space, the interests of various subjects of activity are updated through their implementation of information policy.

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The information resource covers all divisions and services of the organization. In this sense, we can talk about the information space of an enterprise, understanding by this term not only information and the means of processing it, but also the geography of information relations.

The information space of an organization (IP) is formed with the help of technical means of information processing, computer and telecommunication technology. Depending on the form of their interaction and use, four main levels of implementation of an organization’s IP can be distinguished.

On the first level implementation of an individual enterprise, factual information about completed business transactions is formed in the form of tables of a specific DB (database). Processing of these tables allows you to maintain basic types of accounting: operational, accounting, administrative, tax, etc.

Implementation of second level IP involves the use of a powerful database management system (DBMS), which allows not only to perform basic operations for processing factual information and support all types of accounting, but also to make it possible to prepare various analytical documents. At this level of implementation, interaction with the Internet is formed, allowing for electronic document management and facilitating the accumulation and generalization of corporate information.

Third-level IP model reflects its division into separate information systems: logistics, accounting and reporting, personnel management, etc., each of which forms its own IS. A common information display system for management is also created here. IP of this level uses a “data pool” in its structure, which determines not only the possibility of receiving and storing operational information, but also a means of pre-processing it according to pre-established algorithms. These algorithms are configured to a pre-installed system of analytical reports. The third-level individual entrepreneur model provides for the implementation of business activities on the Internet, for example, visiting trading platforms, using electronic payments, etc.

IP organization of the fourth level involves its expansion through the use of front office structures that can, using the Internet, provide stakeholders (suppliers, partners, clients, investors) with the necessary information in accordance with the powers given to them, Fig. 1.4.

Rice. 1.4. Model of the organization's information space

The processes of forming individual entrepreneurs at this level are carried out with the help of the company’s back office. The system is controlled using a management information system connected to the system cockpit. The cockpit implements the demonstration of graphical analytical reports using LSD demo tablets.

1.4. Enterprise management information systems and their classification

To build enterprise management information systems (EMIS), you need:

1. Formulate the main goals achieved by the enterprise in the process of using IT.

2. Assess the state of the structure of the current PMIS, its document flow and the need for virtualization.

3. Select directions for using the information resource both within the enterprise (at the corporate level) and outside the enterprise (at the virtual level).

4. Determine the necessary enterprise management model.

5. Establish the content of the necessary software and hardware to achieve the goals.

6. Develop a personnel training system.

7. Form an appropriate production service.

8. Develop a structure for the interconnection, management and protection of hardware and network facilities.

9. Assess the expected level of costs and achieved results.

When building an PMIS, it is also necessary to take into account the increasing risks associated with both the use of information received in the PMIS and the possibility of conducting e-commerce and marketing activities, and to ensure the protection of the PMIS from external and internal information sabotage.

To create an PMIS, you can use various organizational approaches, the main ones being:

1) acquisition of individual software and hardware modules and independent construction of an enterprise information system;

2) contacting system integrators that provide qualified services for installing software and hardware;

3) contacting consulting (consulting) companies that advise on the implementation of completed projects, the acquisition of the necessary information system;

4) cooperation with a system integrator who creates an information system and maintains the hardware and software complex within the time agreed with the customer;

5) implementation of information projects and provision of services for maintenance of software and hardware by specialized integrated independent organizations. This approach is called “outsourcing” (from English, outsourcing). In this case, the enterprise manager only uses information from a hardware and software system owned by a third party.

PMIS can be classified using various criteria: organization of the control loop, management method, application of appropriate IT, etc. Let's consider the classification of ISMS depending on the level of implementation of the organization's information space: accounting, analytical, integrated and dynamic systems.

Accounting IS organize the issuance of documents (usually on paper) about the state of individual economic processes of the organization. These systems are focused on the formation of first-level IP. The complexity of information processing in paper technology (various formats, different dictionaries) leads to the fact that the final information is created, as a rule, by the time it is no longer needed. These systems allow you to obtain information about the current state of the production process, personnel records and maintaining an accounting and reporting system, which is valuable for solving many problems of small and medium-sized enterprises. They are aimed, as a rule, at the processes of organizing various forms of accounting, displaying current information and issuing analytical reports.

Analytical IS, using various methods of information analysis, make it possible to show trends in the development of an organization’s business processes and organize electronic document flow. They allow you to form a second-level IP.

Integrated ICs provide employees with access to the necessary information in real time, which allows them to control the execution of the process at any stage, ensuring process management. They also provide mechanisms for control and coordination of various components of the business environment. These systems form the third level IP.

The use of an integrated type PMIS allows us to intensify the following issues:

 information support at all stages of reporting preparation, acceleration of the reporting preparation process;

 clarification of data by providing direct access to operational information;

 analysis of the state of the company's functional processes and early warning of negative processes using the ability to quickly move to the details of the business (detailed data on its individual clients, business transactions or business processes);

 an integrated holistic view of corporate information, i.e. providing the latest information on all the most important indicators - critical factors for the success of the company;

 prompt response to organizational changes or the rapid provision of new information without the involvement of additional information channels;

 development of predictive expectations in business, which allows you to implement modern business management methods, control the management process and find ways to develop the business.

Dynamic ICs are aimed at finding new methods of interaction between business participants in order to obtain maximum profit. They allow you to synchronize company management processes with the actions of interested business participants: suppliers, clients, partners, etc. Dynamic systems form the conditions for the implementation of fourth-level IP. Dynamic PMIS are focused on finding the most effective relationship, synchronizing information processes directly in production, between various partner organizations, clients, and investors. They combine the advantages of integrated management systems and Internet technology, realizing the possibilities of e-business.

Creating a personal information space for students and teachers In the conditions of modern dynamic development of society and its rapidly developing technical and social infrastructure, information.ru is becoming the most important strategic resource. Project manager Sidikov Marcel 9A grade Computer literacy has become a component of the professional level of a teacher. Development of the creative and intellectual potential of students through the use of ICT is one of the main tasks of the teacher. Teacher's web resource on which...

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N.A. Poleshchuk

Creating a personal information space

student and teacher

In the conditions of modern dynamic development of society and its rapidly developing technical and social infrastructure, information becomes the most important strategic resource. The level of informatization, in addition, is becoming one of the significant factors in the successful economic development and competitiveness of the region in both domestic and foreign markets.

In the modern period of social development, characterized by fundamental changes in the socio-economic, political and other spheres, the goal of education is the formation of creatively thinking students with a high information culture, capable of quickly adapting to a rapidly changing world. The need to develop new approaches to learning is dictated by society's dissatisfaction with its quality. Changing living conditions of society inevitably leads to the improvement of educational concepts.

The education of a student is a social order of society, which is determined by the socio-psychological needs of society, the level of its development, and the ethical and moral values ​​of this society. Unfortunately, the process of modernization in the education system is difficult.

The main goal of using information technology in the educational process as an innovative approach in education is to develop students' abilities based on self-regulation and self-education; formation of a scientific foundation for successful forecasting of one’s own professional activity, creative development of personality and the correct choice of an individual’s individual program.

Psychologists distinguish the following personal spaces of a person: bodily, objective, space, information space, emotional space, time. Personal information space is a mandatory attribute of a person in the 21st century, and the skills for its formation can be considered as important information competencies. The creation of an information space is aimed at
information interaction between subjects,
meeting their information needs.

The implementation of the project “Informatization of the education system” allows the teaching and student teams of gymnasium No. 93 to actively use the latest technical achievements and technologies in class and extracurricular activities. A qualitative change in the methods and methods of managing a gymnasium is associated with the transition to automated workplaces for the administration, school psychologist, librarian, teachers and with the creation of a fundamentally new management system based on active and flexible management of the educational process based on monitoring using computer technology. ICTs are actively used in administrative activities, office work, and in the school library.

The gymnasium website is a living organism that grows and changes. In the process of implementing the project “Informatization of the Education System” in the Council of High School Students, the Ministry of Press was renamed the Ministry of Information. Students publish the gymnasium newspaper “Rhythm” (chief editor: Churyakova Nurzida, class 10A) and work with site materialswww.gimnazija93kazan.edusite.ru(Project manager Sidikov Marcel 9A class)

Computer literacy has become a component of a teacher’s professional level. Thus, informatization of the educational process of the gymnasium makes it possible to effectively provide educational and methodological assistance to students in independent work on educational material when the teacher uses such pedagogical technologies as: the project method, the research method, multi-level technology for organizing the educational process based on the new 12-point system assessment.

Development of the creative and intellectual potential of students through the use of ICT is one of the main tasks of the teacher. The network has ceased to be a medium for transmitting information and a transport channel for the delivery of knowledge. It has become a place where students are constantly, where they perform actions with the help of social services, helping to think and act together.

The use of computers in teaching makes it possible to manage the cognitive activity of schoolchildren; in this case, training is built within the framework of a student-oriented model. A teacher’s web resource that contains tests for interactive computer testing, creative works and materials for mathematics lessons. It is a kind of electronic portfolio of a teacher. Website additional opportunity introduction of information technologies into the practice of subject teachers.

A teacher’s educational website is one of the forms of creating an information space ( www.flash-ka.edusite.ru ). Having your own website, a teacher can solve many problems. Communication with students reaches a significantly different level.

It is important to note that this website builder provides a page for designing tests, by working with which the student receives information about the correct answers to the questions. It is provided that student responses can be sent to Mailbox to the teacher. This form of work expands the teacher’s capabilities in preparation for the Unified State Exam.

The Internet is, above all, an important source of information. Due to the growing volume of information, it is necessary to create an information culture. It means knowledge of sources of information, techniques and ways of rationally working with them, and their application in practical activities.

The Creative Teachers Network portal was created for teachers interested in the possibilities of improving the quality of teaching through the use of information and communication technologies. On the portal you can register and take part in discussions of problems, exchange experiences with colleagues. Portal address: it-n.ru.

Students’ personal information space is formed on the basis personal computers. A close option is for the student to create his own personal static website based on one of the many free hosting services. In this case, the student creates and stores his documents on a remote site. The simplification of the publication procedure and the availability of various services lead to the fact that there is a transition from the concept of “school website” to the concept of “student’s personal website.” This student's personal website serves as a personal informational learning space.

The very appearance of the concept of “personal learning space” reflects a change in attitude towards what the student does. From a paper portfolio with diplomas and diplomas, a transition is being made to a model in which the student is more responsible for his learning, collects and presents not only his final, but also intermediate results of his activities.

The last decade has put schools in a situation where it is necessary to introduce significant changes in the system of education and education of students. These changes should be ensured by school reform, which is dictated by the modernization of education and the computerization of schools. All this will allow us to form positive motivation for educational activities, implement a differentiated, individual approach to learning at the student level, individualize the learning process, create a reliable system for monitoring knowledge acquisition, carry out the learning process in the mode of cooperation between teacher and student, and improve the pedagogical qualifications of the teacher.

Literature:

Syromyatnikova L.M., “Master class of the deputy director for educational work in a general education institution,” / L.M. Syromyatnikova M, Globus, 2009

Patarakin E.D., Yarmakhov B.B.,Everyday network culture as a solution to classification problems//"Educational Technologies and Society", 2007

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Information space is a set of objects that enter into information interaction with each other, as well as the technologies themselves that ensure this interaction. The information space is formed by information resources, means of information interaction and information infrastructure.

Signs of the information space:

1) The action of uniform principles and general rules for all subjects of information interaction with a reasonable combination of state regulation and self-regulatory principles in the formation and development of a single information space

2) Ensuring secure information interaction between the state, organizations and citizens

3) Maximum complete satisfaction of the information needs of subjects throughout the state

4) Equal access of subjects of information interaction to open information resources

5) Maintaining a balance of interests in entering the global information space and ensuring national information sovereignty.

Information space objects:

a) information resources

b) information infrastructure:

Information and telecommunications structure (state and corporate networks and various systems)

Information and computer technologies

Media system

Organizational structures (ensure the formation and development of a unified information space).

Types of information spaces:

1) Ecological

2) Legal spaces

3) Economic

4) Political.

Levels of information spaces:

1) Global

2) International

3) Republican (national).

13. Concept, definition and features of the information society.

In accordance with the concept of Z. Brzezinski, D. Bell, O. Toffler, supported by other foreign scientists, the information society is a type of post-industrial society.

The information society is a special society, unknown to history. Let us list its main features and characteristics*(3).

Characteristic features of the information society:

the problem of the information crisis, including the information crisis of science, has been resolved, that is, the contradiction between the “information avalanche” and the “information hunger” has been resolved;

priority of information is ensured compared to other resources;

the main form of development is the information economy;

the basis of society is the automated generation, storage, processing and use of knowledge using the latest information technology and technology;

information technologies have become global in nature, covering all areas of human social activity;

informational unity of the entire human civilization is ensured.

14. Unified information and legal space of the Republic of Belarus and the CIS.

The agreement on the exchange of legal information of October 21, 1994 served as the basis for the formation of a unified information and legal space within the CIS. The parties ensure the exchange of legal information by electronic transmission of documents within the framework of a specially developed thematic list. The exchange of legal information occurs through the system of interstate exchange of legal information. This system is created and operates on the basis of reference data banks of legal information.

The information and legal space of the Republic of Belarus is formed on the basis of the state legal information system (GSPI).

15. Information resources: concept, types, features of legal protection.

Information resource (IR) is an organized set of documented information, including databases and other sets of interrelated information of information systems.

Classification:

1) By the department that created the information resource.

2) By owner.

3) By name.

4) By type:

Information retrieval system (IRS)

Web sites

Computer games

Database

5) By source of financing:

Budget

At my own expense

Funds of legal entities

Foreign resources.

6) By territory (regions of the Republic of Belarus, Minsk, foreign).

7) By creation date.

Main classification (by status):

State IR

Non-state IR.

9. /Group 1/Moskvina Ryazanova/~$dimensional plan of student activities for the project.doc
10. /1 group/Moskvina Ryazanova/.doc
11. /1 group/Ovchinnikova and Davydova S/Personal information space.doc
12. /Group 1/Ovchinnikova and Davydova S/Approximate plan of student activities for the project.doc
13. /1 group/artyom/Microsoft Word document (2).doc
14. /1 group/artem/.doc
15. /1 group/artyom/Approximate plan of student activities for the project.doc
16. /1 group/artem/student activity plan for the project.doc Approximate activity plan for Maria Davydova for the project: “Typology of information objects”
Typology of information objects Objectives: to master the concept of “information object”
Data protection
Approximate plan of activities of Vasilyeva and Elizarova for the “Information Protection” project

Operating system, abbr. OS English
Introduction to Operating Systems
Approximate plan of student activities for the project
Highlight the problems of the topic being studied (create a computer model that will satisfy a tenth grader at a minimum cost (task)
Personal information space
Activity plan for Olga Ovchinnikova and Sveta Davydova for the project: “Personal Information Space”

Introduction to Operating Systems
Approximate plan of student activities for the project
Activity plan of Zhuravlev and Mamadaliev for the project “Introduction to operating systems”
Personal information space

Goals: know the techniques of creating your own information environment using the capabilities of Windows objects; master ways of structuring information to optimize the electronic information space; develop skills in working with various objects operating system.

May need

• 
  What is an information object? (A logically connected block of information that describes objective reality using in various ways representation is called an information object.)
• 
  How does an information object differ from information? (If we consider information as a meaning contained in the surrounding reality, then an information object is already clearly presented, formalized (given in form) and already extracted meaning.)
• 
  List the ways you know of structuring information. (There are four main structuring methods: table (relation), tree (hierarchy), network and graph.)
• 
  Try to name the main advantages and disadvantages of different structuring methods. (It is quite difficult to identify the disadvantages, because each type of structuring allows you to describe one or another dependency between data. The most convenient and understandable structure is a table. That is why databases mainly use this type of structure.)

Guidelines. Fundamental changes in the cult of the information society, associated with giving information the status of a strategic resource, highlight the problems of forming an individual’s information culture. The formation of an information culture involves solving the problem of creating an individual information educational space (environment), which acts simultaneously as a goal, means and result of an individual’s educational process.

The information culture of a teacher can be viewed from two perspectives:

Cultural approach reflects the way of human life in the information society as a component of the process of forming the culture of mankind.

Information approach includes a set of knowledge, skills and abilities of searching, selecting and analyzing information, that is, everything that is included in information activities aimed at satisfying information needs.

In light of the formation of competency-based approaches in education this problem must be considered from the perspective of the formation of information competencies that provide skills for human activity with information coming from various sources, having different content and different forms of presentation. In the conditions of the emerging information society, this competence is becoming increasingly important due to the human need to cope with the information processes occurring in society.

The increasing complexity of transmission, storage and processing means, one of which is the computer, has made it possible to identify ICT competence as an integral component of information competencies, which is understood as the readiness to use acquired knowledge, abilities, skills and methods of activity in the field of information and communication technologies to solve educational and practical problems. Another aspect of these competencies is the information component associated with the problem of spatial organization of information, with the formation of personal information space and its interaction with external information space.

It must be remembered that in the learning process it is necessary to pay attention to the formation of competencies that are an integral part of information and communication activities, including:

1. Search for the necessary information on a given topic in sources of various types. Extracting the necessary information

From sources created in various sign systems (text, table, graph, diagram, audiovisual p Poison, etc.), separation of basic information from secondary information, critical assessment of the reliability of the information received! mation, transfer of information content adequately to the stated goal (concise, complete, selective). Translation of information from one sign system to another (from text to table, from audiovisual series to text And etc.), the choice of sign systems is adequate to the cognitive And communicative situation. The ability to substantiate judgments in detail, give definitions, and provide evidence (including by contradiction). Explanation of the studied provisions using independently selected specific examples.

1. 
   Selecting the type of reading in accordance with the intended purpose (introductory, viewing, searching, etc.). Fluent work with texts of artistic, journalistic and official business styles, understanding their specifics; adequate perception of the language of the media. Possession of text editing skills and creating your own text.
2. 
   The use of multimedia resources and computer technologies for processing, transmitting, systematizing information, creating databases, presenting the results of cognitive and practical activities.
3. 
   Mastery of the main types of public speaking (statement, monologue, discussion, polemic), adherence to ethical standards and rules of dialogue (dispute).

Theoretical material

The increase in information flow and the need to handle an increasing amount of information forces us to take a reasonable approach to organizing our information space. An incorrect, or, in other words, suboptimal information storage system contributes to an increase in the share of unproductive activities. The main idea is to create your own information space in the process of managing information flows in a single system, divided into parts according to areas of application. Consider the management of electronic information resources, and by analogy you can learn to organize your information activities as a whole.

The main tool for organizing personal information space in computer memory is folders. They are also a means of organizing and presenting computer system resources (directories, files, programs, etc.). Folder

May contain other folders (subfolders), programs, and objects such as printers and disks. Items in a folder are represented by icons, and each icon has a name below it. In order to open a folder, run a program, open a document, or activate and open an object of any other type, just double-click the mouse and place the cursor on the corresponding icon. Opening is possible with a single click, as well as using the system menu.

It is possible to open folders using the keyboard; to do this, you need to use a key, each press of which selects sequentially all the folders on the desktop. After being selected desired folder, pressing the key opens its contents. In the same way, you can open an object in a folder by double-clicking the object, or using the key or arrow keys to select the object and pressing the key to open it.

All folders function the same regardless of their contents. By setting the appropriate settings for folders, you can complete your tasks faster. To set the parameters for open folders, you need to run the command View/ Folder properties. In the window that appears, all the necessary parameters for the folder are set (Fig. 3).

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Rice. 3. Window"Properties folders"

Folder properties

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Rice. 4.Folder structure view

Copying and moving folders works the same way as copying and moving files. To copy a folder, just right-click on it and drag it to the location where you want to copy it. When the context menu appears, you can select Copy to copy a folder or Move to change the folder location. You can copy a folder by dragging it with the left button while holding down the key. This copies the folder and all its contents, including files and subfolders, to a new location.

To rename a folder, call up the context menu and select the command Rename. Changing the file name does not affect the change in the names of previously created shortcuts, and the computer will not be able to find the required original folder when accessing it using the given shortcut.

We looked at the technical aspect of working with folders. Now we will describe how to create your own information space. Documents generated by the user must be strictly structured, and the means of structuring in this case is a folder. If all documents are stored in one folder, then after reaching a certain critical mass it will be difficult for the user to navigate through their own documents. And the actual work time will be spent on finding the required document.

Let's look at how best to design your personal information space. Let it be necessary to organize a “Fund of Own Achievements”, we will structure this object (Fig. 5).

Own name - Documents

• 
  Projects
• 
  Written works
• 
  Essays

■ Certificates

Study Sports

• 
  Hobbies
• 
  Developments

Articles

Critical Notes ■ Humor

Rice. 5.Example object structure

IV. Completing a practical task

Develop the structure of the object “Educational project on...”, choose a subject or topic of your own free will.