English-Russian translation BLUETOOTH

"Blue Tooth" technology, Bluetooth technology (a new universal technology for wireless communication of various types of microprocessor-based local network devices in the 2.4 GHz band, named after the 10th century Danish king Harold II, nicknamed "Blue Tooth", who became world famous for collecting Danish lands)

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More meanings of the word and translation of BLUETOOTH from English into Russian in English-Russian dictionaries and from Russian into English in Russian-English dictionaries.

More meanings of this word and English-Russian, Russian-English translations for the word “BLUETOOTH” in dictionaries.

• BLUETOOTH - n. open specification for short-range wireless communication between various types of communication devices (such as cellular telephones, pagers, hand-held computers, …
  Explanatory Dictionary of the English Language - Editorial bed
• BLUETOOTH — ■ noun trademark a standard for the short-range wireless interconnection of mobile phones, computers, and other electronic devices. Origin named...
  Concise Oxford English vocab
• BLUETOOTH - Bluetooth BrE AmE ˈbluː tuːθ § \ -tʊθ
  Longman Pronunciation English Dictionary
• BLUETOOTH - ™ / ˈbluːtuːθ; NAmE / noun [ U ] a radio technology that makes it possible for mobile phones / …
  Oxford Advanced Learner's English Dictionary
• BLUETOOTH — Blue ‧ tooth /ˈbluːtuːθ/ BrE AmE noun trademark a system that allows you to connect computer equipment, such as …
  Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
• BLUETOOTH - noun
  Oxford Collocations Dictionary Second Edition
• BLUETOOTH — noun Bluetooth™ is used before these nouns: keyboard , phone , technology
  Oxford Collocations English Dictionary
• BLUETOOTH< protocol , standard >A specification for short-range radio links between mobile computers, mobile phones, digital cameras, and other …
  FOLDOC Computer English Dictionary
• BLUETOOTH - this is a specification, developed by a consortium that includes IBM, Ericsson, Nokia, Intel, and Toshiba, for a radio system...
  Raynet Business and Marketing English Glossary
• BLUETOOTH
  
• BLUETOOTH - (the name of a wireless communication technology that ensures the interaction of mobile computing devices, regardless of their type and manufacturer)
  Large English-Russian Dictionary
• BLUETOOTH
  American English-Russian Dictionary
• BLUETOOTH
  Russian-American English Dictionary
• BLUETOOTH
  
• BLUETOOTH - Blue Tooth technology, Bluetooth technology (a new universal technology for wireless communication of various types of microprocessor-based local network devices in the 2.4 GHz band, called ...
  
• BLUETOOTH - Blue Tooth technology, Bluetooth technology (a new universal technology for wireless communication of various types of microprocessor-based local network devices in the 2.4 GHz range, ...
  English-Russian Dictionary of Computer Terms
• BLUETOOTH - specification [technology] Bluetooth wireless short-wave radio technology (up to 30 m), allowing devices to be connected different types for voice and data transmission. ...
  English-Russian explanatory dictionary of terms and abbreviations for VT, Internet and programming
• BLUETOOTH - (the name of a wireless communication technology that ensures the interaction of mobile computing devices, regardless of their type and manufacturer)
  
• BLUETOOTH - (the name of a wireless communication technology that ensures the interaction of mobile computing devices, regardless of their type and manufacturer)
  New large English-Russian dictionary
• BLUETOOTH SIG
  Large English-Russian Dictionary
• BLUETOOTH SIG - (a consortium on Bluetooth technology, including Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba, etc.)
  Large English-Russian Dictionary
• BLUETOOTH SIG
  English-Russian dictionary on computers
• BLUETOOTH SIG - abbr. from the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (a consortium on Bluetooth technology, including Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba, etc.)
  English-Russian Dictionary of Computer Science and Programming
• BTSTACKSERVER - BTStackServer.exe (Widcomm) Widcomms Bluetooth Stack COM Server. Background COM server task that is essential to the proper running of the …
  Microsoft Windows Task List Programs English Glossary

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Recently, new technical inventions have been appearing on the commercial market at an unprecedented rate and in enormous numbers. What the next designers are not inventing to make our already technically advanced world better, more utilitarian and more convenient. One of these twenty-first century innovations is Bluetooth. Remote control was an additional option for consumers. Bluetooth support solves many problems in the operation of most computer developments. Read more about this technology below.

Universal technology

What is Bluetooth? Bluetooth is a universal electronic device that makes it possible to transmit specific material over a certain distance from one gadget to another. In this case, material means all kinds of text documents, photographs, music files, not very voluminous videos, computer programs, etc.

The Bluetooth peripheral was developed a little over ten years ago and quickly gained acceptance around the world. Today, such an invention has already been somewhat forgotten by many consumers, but this does not at all adversely affect the mass of its everyday use, since almost any mobile device has a transmitter that performs a similar function. In addition, it was Bluetooth that became the basis for the production of Wi-Fi, which is widespread today. So we can safely say that Bluetooth is the ancestor of Wi-Fi.

It must be said that even after the creation of wireless technology, such a development is not inferior to it in popularity and is actively used not only by conservatives, but also by the younger generation. Bluetooth is also widely used in business. However, the technology is not common in the field of vision and is usually classified as a standard feature in modern smartphones.

Scope of application

A Bluetooth peripheral device is an excellent way to save usable space and bring some order to your smartphone, computer, laptop or other media. This is how this device is often characterized by modern computer pros. And indeed, if you look at history, you can find out that this product was created not only with the goal of getting rid of wires, which always either interfered with work or took up too much space. In addition, a single wire malfunction could cause all processes to stop. But if you organize work using a wireless connection of devices, then the risk of breakdown is reduced to a minimum.

But this is not the main purpose of Bluetooth, since it is mainly used to transfer various materials from one device to another, without even trying to understand the full potential that this simple device has.

How bluetooth works

What is Bluetooth and how to work with it effectively? Let's try to understand the nuances. There is nothing complicated about Bluetooth for a computer, even for regular user, having difficulty understanding different programs and components. After initiating the process of transferring material, you only need to confirm your intentions and the perfect choice of file. To transfer, for example, several photos from one device to another, you just need Bluetooth technology on both media. You need to activate the function after automatic search select find the desired device (the default device name will be the name of the smartphone model) and try to connect. Then you need to confirm the connection on the second device. Then you can easily transfer files between smartphones or laptops. You can additionally use a Bluetooth headset for your phone. This is a typical diagram showing only part of the useful properties of the option.

Today, users are offered a large number of different remote devices, which operate in stand-alone mode, facilitating widespread use and freeing users from additional cables.

Types of devices

The Bluetooth adapter in a modern phone consists of hardware and software parts that allow you to wirelessly transfer materials from one device to another. The technology uses radio waves certain frequency, which is why Bluetooth can only be used between devices that are close to each other.

A Bluetooth peripheral is a universal unit that allows you to transfer certain amounts of information or make regular connections using wireless communication. At the same time, the Bluetooth structure is accompanied by a large list of a wide variety of software parts that are developed by modern companies. Thanks to this, production Bluetooth specifications, becoming obsolete in some technological aspects, become very relevant in others.

Adapter

By now, the Bluetooth adapter has “grown” to the level of a real router, which does not receive a certain amount of information via the Internet, but creates a point of contact for wireless devices. Bluetooth in this case forms a return point, which becomes a kind of remote server to maintain the connection between technical units.

So what is a Bluetooth adapter? For example, if in an office building employees have a large number of computers and only one printer, then in order to avoid crowds near the only piece of office equipment, you just need to activate the adapter and connect all the computers with the printer into a single network. After this, the print queue will appear on the monitor screen.

A BT adapter is, as a rule, a USB device that connects one computer with others in the form of a local network with the ability to exchange information between its links. Information for exchange can be, for example, videos and photographs, melodies, text documents, e-books and much more - any object that is in digital form. Also, a BT connection can be used to connect to the Internet, for example, via 3G or GPRS, using the modem capabilities of mobile devices.

Work with computer

What is Bluetooth and how does it work with a computer? If you need to connect your computer with another mobile device using the Bluetooth protocol, you need to download bluetooth drivers(there are free versions) for Windaus XP and higher. This Bluetooth technology for a computer makes it possible to connect to a personal computer almost the entire range of peripheral devices and various equipment with the necessary wireless protocol for transferring material for use both once and regularly. Among the connected devices you can often see tablets, smartphones, smart watches and other devices. The possibilities of this technology in working with computers are very great.

Among the advantages of this technology, the following should be specially noted:

• quick search and connection of devices;
• economical use of electricity;
• automatic protection against radio interference;
• transfer of material is possible simultaneously with the performance of other actions;
• Preserving the quality of images, music files and other data during transfer.

Headset

Now a little about the Bluetooth mini headset. These are ordinary headphones for a modern smartphone, but without annoying wires. With the help of a popular and already quite banal technology, a domestic user can stay focused on his problems and have time to respond to calls without using his smartphone. This discreet headset attaches to your ear and can help you work more efficiently for a long time. The device does not limit a person’s hearing and has a special button that makes it possible to respond to calls from your phone. Once such devices could only be seen in Western films, these days headsets are widely used by ordinary consumers.

The best headset has Bluetooth speakers with stylish appearance, plays music files with high quality and transmits sound well. Duration battery life without mains power for a modern headset is from five to ten hours. The headset is convenient to use; the device weighs only about ten grams or even less. There is usually also a noise canceling feature. In addition, the device should be convenient to operate.

How to connect Bluetooth headphones? First, you need to enable the Bluetooth option on both devices. To activate the user’s headphones, they must press the connect button for approximately eight to ten seconds. After this, a small light diode will light up, which thus gives a signal that the device has started operating in the required mode. By default, the technology turns off after thirty seconds, so you should find Bluetooth in the menu on the device and change the technology's operating mode to a longer one.

To establish contact with other devices, you need to enable search. The technology will independently find all smartphones, laptops and other gadgets nearby with which it can connect. A Bluetooth stereo headset provides good signal reception if the distance between the headphones and other devices is no more than eight to ten meters. After the search for other devices is completed, you need to select the one you need from the list provided.

Selecting a headset

Considering the volume of the modern computer device market, a complete review of Bluetooth headsets presents a large list of dozens of copies different brands. Mainly, headsets are used by car owners or businessmen who do not have the opportunity to constantly hold a mobile phone in their hands during a conversation. Purchasing a Bluetooth headset for your phone allows you to leave your hands free and not worry about missed calls. And calling a contact from the telephone directory using the voice function will be a convenient additional function of the device.

Popular budget model

The budget level of stereo Bluetooth headsets is represented by devices whose cost does not exceed two thousand rubles. For such funds, the buyer purchases a mono earphone with a typical battery life and a set of usual functions. In order to reduce the final cost of products, the noise reduction function in budget devices is not sufficient for truly comfortable work, so if this is important, then it is better to opt for analogues from the mid-price segment.

If the budget is significantly reduced, and there is a need for a Bluetooth headset, you can pay attention to the Samsung EO-MG920 model, which is produced in South Korea. The typical case weighs 9.2 grams and is made of hard plastic and is quite durable and stylish in appearance. Like other budget-level models, the Samsung model has a Bluetooth version 3.0 interface and a voice control mechanism. Despite the budget price, you can connect to the headset from two devices simultaneously, in addition, the model suppresses external noise well, so using the EO-MG920 is quite convenient.

Among the negative aspects is the lack of A2DP, which means that sound transmission will be at a fairly low level. In addition, for most consumers, the large dimensions of the headset and the quiet sound in comparison with similar models will also be “repulsive” reasons when looking for a mono earphone. But, in general, even taking into account several problematic features, the model has found its niche in the commercial market due to its low price.

Other options

Among the 2017 models, other options can be distinguished:

1. For business people, Plantronics Voyager Legend is suitable. This is a stylish solution that allows you to stay on task even while driving or shopping. The headset suppresses noise well due to the presence of three microphones (two are used for speech transmission, another one is used to suppress external noise), and is charged via USB, but problems may arise when connecting to a phone for the first time, since the device does not support the NFC protocol.
2. The best sound from a famous brand is Sennheiser VMR 200-II. The headset is made of high quality, the sound is transmitted at the highest level. The device supports many protocols, but the cost is rather high - almost seven thousand rubles.
   
3. Reliable model - Sony SBH80. The device is characterized by its compact size and long-term operation without recharging. There are all the necessary functions, and the main feature is a powerful battery.
   

Radio module

What is Bluetooth and how is contact made if we are talking about a radio module? The Bluetooth radio module is another technical improvement of this modern technology. In principle, this is already a universal compact device that allows you to transmit a certain amount of information in the form of sound. Externally, this is an ordinary small speaker without wires. There are speakers to support the Bluetooth function. For the radio module to work, you need to activate contact with the server for audio transmission. A computer or mobile phone can act as a server; a music player will also work. After this, you can turn up the volume on the device. The radio module transmits the sound of music clearly and efficiently.

Any sound starts from a source. Today there are a lot of wireless protocols for transmitting sound. Some of them are much more interesting than Bluetooth, but have not yet received proper distribution. Today, almost all smartphones, laptops and tablets are equipped with Bluetooth, and equipping a device with its support if it has a USB output is a matter of five minutes.

Therefore, today we will limit ourselves to sound-reproducing devices using “blue tooth” (the guide is quite suitable for choosing a Bluetooth speaker). This technology has a rather long history and a lot of pitfalls, the existence of which is not always known to users.

The presence of a Bluetooth transmitter does not mean that the device can be used as a sound source for wireless audio equipment. Not every Bluetooth will allow you to listen to high-quality music without distortion. Not everyone is suitable for listening to files with high bitrates and lossless formats.

What to pay attention to in order to listen to music wirelessly - be it just an MP3 or a high-quality rip from a vinyl record, we will tell you in this article.

Let's start with the most important thing: this parameter directly indicates whether you can listen to music using the device.

VersionBluetooth

In modern devices you can most often find support for Bluetooth 3.0 or 4.0, in some top smartphones and other gadgets - 4.1. In this case, it may well turn out that the purchased headset supports connection only via protocol version 2.1. The adapters are backwards compatible, but when connected, the slowest protocol of the two works.

The differences between protocol versions for the average user are minimal due to backward compatibility. The main thing that catches your eye is that with each new version the power consumption of devices is reduced, and starting from 3.0 a second module has been added for high-speed data transfer at a speed of 24 Mbit/s.

Version 2.1 + EDR transmits data at a speed of no more than 2.1 Mbit/s. This is enough to play a low bitrate audio stream. To play audio and video streams, it is recommended to use Bluetooth version no lower than 3.0.

It is necessary to take into account that in order to fully use the device as a player, it is highly desirable to have Bluetooth version 4.0 and higher, or better yet, with reduced power consumption.

You can identify such an adapter thanks to the following categories.

ProfilesBluetooth

Profiles are a set of specific functions supported by devices. Of all the ones used in Bluetooth for listening to music, the following are interesting:

1. Headset Profile (HSP) necessary for connecting a headset and a smartphone and wirelessly transmitting mono audio with a bitrate of 64 kbit/s.
2. Hands-Free Profile (HFP) also provides only mono transmission, but with higher quality.
3. Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP) necessary for transmitting a two-channel audio stream.
4. Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP) provides control over the functions of playback devices (without it, even changing the music volume is impossible).

To fully listen to music, A2DP is required. It not only ensures the transmission of the audio stream, but also manages the compression of the data before transmission.

However, even if both the transmitting and reproducing device (for example, a smartphone and wireless headphones) are equipped with Bluetooth 3.0 or 4.0 and support the required protocol, you need to pay attention to the codec that is used.

CodecsBluetooth

The most important thing for playing music using the A2DP protocol is the codec, which compresses the audio stream transmitted to the headset. There are currently three codecs:

1. Subband Coding (SBC)- codec used by A2DP by default and created by the profile developers. Unfortunately, SBC is much rougher than MP3. And therefore, it is not suitable for listening to music.
2. Advanced Audio Coding (AAC)- a more advanced codec that uses different compression algorithms. Sounds much better than SBC.
3. AptX- here it is, the right choice! At least because of the ability to transfer files to MP3 and AAC without additional manipulations and transcoding. This means no sound deterioration. However, it is worth making a reservation. There are several versions of aptX to play different bitrates. Each of them is designed for its own sound flow.

Version	Number of channels supported	Maximum sampling frequency, kHz	Quantization, bit	Maximum bitrate	Compression ratio
AptX	2	44,1	16	320 kbps	2:1
Enhanced AptX	2, 4, 5.1, 5.1+2	48	16, 20, 24	up to 1.28 Mbit/s	4:1
AptX Live	n/a	48	16, 20, 24	n/a	8:1
AptX Lossless	n/a	96	16, 20, 24	n/a	n/a
AptX Low Latency	n/a	48	16, 20, 24	n/a	n/a

»
The main features of the latest two versions of the codec are the most reduced audio playback delay and reduced processor load during encoding. The Low Latency version allows you to achieve a delay of 32 ms between the audio stream source and the playback device. This will reduce the distortion introduced by the equipment when listening to music.

Thus, with certain preferences, you can choose a specific codec. If playback of a lossless stream is not expected, and high audio latency is not critical, you should limit yourself to standard aptX and not overpay for device support for subsequent versions.

It is worth remembering that the required profile and codec must be supported by both the smartphone (or other audio stream source) and the headset itself (or Bluetooth speaker). Otherwise, the A2DP algorithm will automatically start working using SBC.

With Bluetooth, any two devices always work using the lowest version, the simplest codec and protocol. So, if one of them does not support the necessary technology, you will not be able to fully enjoy the sound quality.

To listen to music for a long time, you need support for Bluetooth version 3.0 or higher, aptX codec and A2DP profile. To listen to music with a high bitrate, you need support for the aptX Lossless codec - no other will work, since the music will be compressed when transferred to the playback device.

26.03.2018

“Bluetooth” is a short, mysterious word that we have been hearing more and more often lately. In a few words, it is one of the wireless networking technologies. But since “one of...” means there are quite a few of them. Why Bluetooth? Indeed, similar technologies existed before, and they exist now, but none of them had and does not have such powerful and comprehensive support - and not one of them has been or is being talked about so much. Let's try to figure out what it is.

On the other hand, devices continuously communicate over low-frequency radio frequencies. Radio frequencies pass through walls easily, and their low power helps reduce the chance of interference from other technologies that use radio waves, such as Internet routers or the TV remote. What does this mean in practice?

Technology helps connect and unite, the technology is named after the Danish King Harald Ballant or "Blue Tooth" Harald Danski, who united the warring parts of Norway, Sweden and Denmark in the 10th century. Make sure the Internet connection is activated on your mobile phone. Please note that different operating systems may not support all connection types.

Bluetooth is a short-distance data transmission technology designed to replace the wired connection of a cell phone, mobile computer and other peripheral devices with a more convenient connection via a radio channel. The main task is to provide economical (in terms of current consumption) and cheap radio communication between electronic devices.

You can then close the application since you will no longer need to operate your device. A mobile app is not required to use this connection, but you can download it and use it to manage your account. Make sure your operating system is mobile phone supports the selected connection type. Launching the mobile application will automatically establish a connection with the device. . If necessary, you can contact your agent or our Customer Service Center.

Check if all steps have been completed.

• Download and install the free mobile app.
• Launch the mobile app and leave it running.
• Make sure your mobile phone is in discovery mode.

Both technologies connect wireless devices, but there are some differences in their capabilities.
origin of name

Bluetooth literally translates from English as “blue tooth” - which, however, has little to do with the essence. The most famous version of the origin of this crazy name is the following.

A long time ago, in the 910-940s, King Harald Bluetooth lived in Denmark, who was the leader of the Vikings and went down in history as the unifier of the Scandinavian lands. It was thanks to him that in those very distant times Denmark and Norway merged almost into one whole.

New devices appear on the market, communicating with each other in different ways. Some devices still rely on a "wired" connection, while others are heading wireless, which definitely saves a lot of hassle. Plus, everything about wireless feels neat because there are no cables.

Infrared technology has been used for a long time and is found in a large number of devices. It uses a frequency of the electromagnetic spectrum just below red light to transmit information between two devices. The massive penetration of this standard is due to the available process technology and the easy integration of infrared into devices.

In fact, his name is Harald Gormes, but more often he was called by his nickname, which entered English chronicles as Bluetooth - “Blue-toothed”. In Old Norse his name sounded like "Bletand" and had nothing to do with blue teeth. And it meant something like “dark-skinned,” since Harald had dark skin, black hair (“bla” in translation means “dark-skinned”), and a powerful physique (the word “tan” was used to describe a tall, well-built man), which was very atypical for the Scandinavian Vikings. . Probably, the English chroniclers did not want to break their tongue and came up with a simpler nickname for the king.

However, the infrared spectrum has some disadvantages. First of all, there is a small distance that two devices must be placed so that they can be connected. Secondly, the devices must face each other. In order for the connection to take place, the user must point the infrared port on his phone, for example, directly against the infrared port of the device with which he wants to exchange information. It's these two features that make the infrared port unusable in some situations, but if you want to transfer files from your phone to your laptop, it will get the job done.

Descendants gleaned the mysterious history of Harald's reign from Old Scandinavian inscriptions carved on two stones erected in memory of this king in the city of Jelling (now Denmark).

A star is born

The first concept of Bluetooth technology appeared in the small Swedish town of Lund in 1994, and Ericsson decided to erect a new stone there (a kind of ritual) in memory of the great man. The inscription on this monument reads (originally in Old Norse): “Ericsson Mobile Communications AB installed this stone in honor of Harald Bluetooth, who gave his name to a new wireless technology for mobile communications.”

However, restrictions also play a role in certain ways. Compliance with the line of sight requirement results in the absence of any interference in the transmission of information. Paired devices have the right to use the selected profiles between them.

After initial mating, re-treatment is not required. Each device has a different profile, with one device having multiple profiles. Each account identifies a resource or information that the device can provide. For example, the printer has a print profile, but there is none for voice communication.

Then, in early 1998, five large companies - Ericsson, Nokia, IBM, Intel and Toshiba - teamed up to begin work on creating a new wireless technology called Bluetooth. On May 20 of the same year, a special working group (Special Interest Group - SIG) was formed to further promote the new technology in the telecommunications market. Any company that plans to develop Bluetooth devices can join this group for free. Currently, SIG includes more than three thousand companies, among which there are old representatives who gave rise to the development, and new ones - for example, such giants as Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola, etc.

Both standards have the same goal - to support communication between devices without a physical connection between them. In any case, you have a smartphone. Then you are inevitably faced with a serious problem. Below we will show you how we solved this problem and only with a budget of $20.

Otherwise it's expensive and not worth it. Once you have everything you need, you start by connecting the two devices to each other. Now everything is ready, all you need to do is start the transition and save the route. No display or more. Consumers spend on your battery.

Work principles

Bluetooth, figuratively speaking, is a small chip that is a high-frequency (2.402-2.480 GHz) transceiver. It operates in the ISM (Industry, Science and Medicine) band, as no license is required to use these frequencies - they are free for use throughout the world (exceptions are France and Spain).

Well, you already have a workable solution to save your tracks in the mountains, which saves your battery and comes with a nominal price. If your article was helpful, don't be selfish and share it with your friends 🙂. Typically, like the most expensive flags, they have version 0, but clients are not particularly interested in this information.

It may seem that the development of this wireless technology has disappeared, but the opposite is true. Whether you buy a phone or a phone from any manufacturer, it should connect without any major issues. The truth is that casting four won't do any good in this particular case. Three already have all the necessary things, four adds support for devices with very small amounts of data. A typical example is the variety of wearables such as sports trackers and other similar things.

The fundamental principle of building Bluetooth-based networks is the Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) method. Briefly, this can be explained as follows: the transmitter breaks the data into packets and transmits them using a pseudo-random algorithm, in which the carrier frequency (pattern) changes 1600 times per second and takes the value of one of 79 subfrequencies. Moreover, only those devices that are configured to the same transmission pattern can “understand” each other - for foreign devices, the transmitted information will be ordinary noise.

This certainly does not include wireless transmission music. And since individual versions have backwards compatible, the older version of the headphones is nothing against it. So, in addition to feeling like they don't have the best and the latest. We are still returning to the low energy standard, but now it is time to continue the genesis of music transmission.

To make this not so simple, profiles form only one of the communication layers, the others are codecs, which in turn tell the device how to transmit data. It's like trolling, but under a lot of articles about these wireless technologies there will be messages that all have nothing to do and are only for loud users. And those who are serious about music listen only through cable. And best of all with a gold-plated connector!

The main structural element of the Bluetooth network is the so-called “piconet” - a collection of two to eight devices operating on the same template. In each piconet, one device operates as a master (master device, similar to a server), and the rest as slaves (managed). The master synchronizes the frequency and its changes for all other slave devices in its piconet. To recognize any device on the network, a unique three-digit address is allocated. If necessary, any controlled device in Piconet can become a manager, exchanging roles with the old leader. Several independent and even unsynchronized piconets (up to 10), between which information exchange is possible, can be combined into the so-called large Scatternel network. To do this, each pair of piconets must have at least one common device, which will be the master in one and the slave in the other. Thus, within a single Scatternet, a maximum of 71 devices can be connected simultaneously.

Theoretically, this would be enough for more demanding listeners, but practice brings a lot of unpleasant surprises. To achieve this speed, the device must have a good connection, but you have no guarantee that the manufacturer will not artificially limit the limit for some reason. And it probably doesn't make sense to say that if two combine, the speed of the weaker one will automatically be used.

Its advantage is a higher data transfer rate, as well as a completely different compression model, which is also lost, but thanks to advanced mathematics much more attentive. It is an important source of the music you listen to. He is not just trying to replace wires, but also to make the most efficient use of resources.

The Bluetooth interface allows you to transmit both voice and data. The voice travels over three audio channels, with a speed of 64 Kbps in each. The data transfer rate is about 720 Kbps in asymmetric and 420 Kbps in fully symmetric, or full duplex (two-way) mode.

Bluetooth technology can work comparatively. According to its specifications (versions 1.1 and 1.2), it has two classes of adapters: class 1 (or class A) supports communication at a distance of up to 100 m (due to the high cost it is almost never used) and class 2 (or class B) only works reliably within 10 m (most common).

The trend in recent months and years is the so-called “Internet of Things”, where almost everything you remember should be connected, if not online, at least to your smartphone. The most confident they know about this extension are athletes who use it to connect heart rate monitors, but why not let a little imagination come up with smart shoes, for example?

Even here, development did not stop, although it did not move as quickly as in other areas. Since the end of last year there has also been a version 2 specification, which in turn increases speed and reduces energy requirements. However, manufacturers have little to do with their implementation. Find out more. If any wireless device needs to be connected. At least one wireless device has nearly empty batteries.

New modification

At the end of 2004, SIG announced the Bluetooth v2.0+EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) specification, which, according to the developers, increases the data transfer rate three times - up to 2.1 Mb/s (even enough for transmission streaming video). It should be noted here that we are not talking about a fundamentally new concept, but about improving the old one, but the most interesting thing is that the new transmission speed was achieved not by increasing the speed as such, but by introducing a new algorithm for compressing transmitted data packets. The developers claim that the new format will be compatible with devices that support earlier protocols: 1.1 and 1.2. In addition, since the information with the new transmission method is packed more than before, the channels are not heavily loaded due to the reduction in data size, and this automatically reduces power consumption.

If you and Mace got wireless mouse, keyboard or trackpad, these devices are already paired at the factory. It may take up to 5 seconds to recognize other wireless devices. You may have to wake up your wireless mouse. In this case, you may have to press some of their buttons to activate them again.

In the device documentation. In practice, however, this limit is between three and four devices, depending on the type of equipment used. Data-intensive devices may reduce the maximum number of devices that can be active at one time. Since then, however, it has already passed this Friday, and so today you will find everything you need in your favorite distribution. This is installed in the system part of the panel when it starts. If its icon is gray, there is no connection.

Well, now let's move from theory to practice. So, for testing, let's take several computer Bluetooth adapters from different manufacturers (which ones exactly does not matter, since all devices behaved the same way, and if one passed in some test, the same happened with the rest), working in a new version 2.0, and, accordingly, a mobile phone. We won’t torment you with numerous indicators and figures, but let’s just say that we were unable to observe with our own eyes a threefold increase in speed, as promised - the maximum recorded value under the most favorable conditions was about 1.9 Kbps, which is still not enough to the reference figure. To summarize, we can accurately speak of a twofold increase in speed compared to previous versions. Also during testing, a very important detail was noticed - the procedure for initial detection and restoration of service for pre-paired devices began to happen much faster, which can be considered a plus. Thus, Bluetooth v2.0+EDR is indeed better than its younger brothers, however, as always happens, not as much as we would like. But this is for the better, because if you can improve, it means there is room for improvement.

History of creation and development

If you right-click on the taskbar, a clear, intuitive menu will appear. If everything must be, it must appear. This will be useful later. We will check what services our phone offers. At this point everything is ready to connect to the Internet.

What is a Bluetooth module

The first time you pair your computer and phone requires pairing. Simply select a file from your drive, drag it into the queue window, and click the Send button. Your phone will ask you if you want to accept the photos and transfer them once they are approved. It works great reliably.

Security questions

Although Bluetooth technology was developed with the understanding that the information transmitted is typically very valuable, there is still a major threat to the safety of blue tooth users. Of course, the Bluetooth protocol uses a very complex and intricate encryption system for transmitted data, which is complemented by a multi-level scheme set out in the standard specification, each step in which is enhanced by the algorithms of the previous one. Therefore, a pseudo-feeling of complete multi-level protection is created. Unfortunately, the technology is not perfect. To the question “what exactly?” we will have to give a lot of unnecessary formulas that are incomprehensible to anyone except specialists, which, for obvious reasons, we will not do, but we will still give several recommendations that will significantly reduce the risk of becoming a victim of some hacker or someone who just wanted to play around by stealing your information .

Once transferred, the image appears in a preview, you select a storage location, and the file is transferred to your computer. There are several programs for synchronizing contacts. Then simply click the Sync button and the synchronization will begin.

Some of them are designed for specific types of phones, others are more or less universal. Is it possible to take advantage of some of the benefits of the new standard if accessories do not already have it? The latest standard comes with three enhanced features. Specifically, it boasts better reach, faster transmission speeds, and the ability to transfer more data into a single “message.”

To begin with, you should use long PIN codes for authentication (the maximum length supported by the standard is 16 characters), preferably composed of various numbers and letters of the Latin alphabet, which will help to minimize the likelihood of banal guessing the code in a short time. You also need to take into account that the moment of establishing communication, that is, when mutual detection of devices and their pairing occurs, is the most vulnerable, so you should not carry out this procedure in places where there may be intruders (such as large shopping centers, markets, public transport, crowded streets). Remember that a more or less safe radius is one that is at least twice the maximum permissible distance specified in the specifications for this type of device - otherwise both the initialization key and the combination keys will be at the complete disposal of the “unscrupulous” “ bluetooth." And finally, where there is a danger, you should not neglect the possibility of additional traffic encryption, provided in the standard in the form of appropriate options.

Let's look at the news a little more closely. However, it is important to note that these are only theoretical speeds measured in the laboratory under ideal conditions. For example, when you want to listen to the same song as on your phone, you can do that too.

Class 3 works within 1 meter, Class 2 is most often used on mobile devices, which corresponds to a maximum of 10 meters between smartphones or other handheld computers. The last class, and also the class with the greatest coverage, is marked with the number 1, intended primarily for the industrial sector. The lower the class number, the more energy-intensive the transmission will be.

Application options

You can use Bluetooth technology for the following purposes:

For automatic synchronization between desktop, laptop and mobile phone. For example, as soon as you enter new data into the address book on your laptop, the corresponding entries in the laptop are automatically modified. desktop computer, and vice versa;

For automatic backup synchronization. Imagine that your boss changes your activity plan while you are on a trip. The office PC sends the changes to your cell phone, which automatically connects to the laptop and transmits the modified schedule;

To connect all peripheral devices to each other. Wirelessly connect a desktop PC or laptop to a printer, scanner and local area network. The feeling of “freedom” is especially enhanced by the wireless connection of a mouse and keyboard to a personal computer;

To use the hands-free car kit. The cell phone stays in your pocket, and the handsfree connects to it wirelessly. By giving voice commands, you dial a number and talk on the phone;

To transfer photos and video clips from anywhere. The digital camera connects to your mobile phone (wirelessly) and you add comments using the keyboard on your phone or laptop. Photo and text are sent to the recipient;

To connect all participants in the instant exchange of information. While at a meeting or conference, you can quickly discuss an issue of interest with all its participants. In addition, you can now remotely perform control functions, for example, turn on the projector;

To use a laptop PC as a speakerphone. By connecting a wireless headset to a laptop, you can use it in the office, car or home.

All of this is just a small part of where Bluetooth can be used. Now such exotic options are already appearing, such as embedding modules running on this technology into printers, memory cards, etc.

Prospects

In the near future, Bluetooth, in addition to mobile phones, smartphones and PDAs, will be built into various household appliances. Just imagine: a refrigerator, TV, vacuum cleaner, microwave and many other appliances are controlled from your mobile phone in the same way as from a universal remote control. In addition, alternative solutions are already being developed that can seriously compete with the “blue tooth” and even surpass this technology to some extent.

Modern users of mobile and other devices are surrounded by dynamically developing innovations in the technological world. Communication tools have become incredibly popular today, and the most popular in the world today is Bluetooth. At the same time, its mass distribution does not at all mean that users are universally aware of what it is and how to make the most of the potential of this function, which allows you to use a wireless headset for various purposes, exchange files and even play music. Bluetooth translates as “blue-toothed” and the name of the technology has “historical” roots. The Danish king Harold I was called Bluetooth for his darkened front tooth, and the ruler became famous for his skillful unification of several seriously warring tribes of Denmark. Modern Bluetooth also knows how to unite, but not tribes, but communication protocols into a single universal standard.

WHAT IS BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY

Bluetooth can be used not only to exchange data between identical devices; these can be pairs: smartphone-smartphone, PC-smartphone, laptop-smartphone and vice versa. Thanks to this radio module, you can transmit anything: photos, videos, music tracks, text files. The use of Bluetooth for signal transmission is especially valuable when using wireless headphones.

Bluetooth as a device is a very small chip, which, despite its very unimpressive dimensions, is capable of transmitting information from 1 m to 100 m. There are several versions of this technology - 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 2.0, 2.1, 3.0, 4.0, 4.1. The most common option is version 3.0, a significantly modified technology compared to its predecessors, which is easily compared in transfer speed (up to 24 Mbit/s) with Wi-Fi. All self-respecting manufacturing companies, including Highscreen, equip their devices with Bluetooth 3.0. Improved versions 4.0 and 4.1 with minimal power consumption, fast connection and an increased range of up to 100 m can be found in the flagship models of Highscreen mobile devices and other serious manufacturers.

HOW IT WORKS IN PRACTICE

Understanding in theory what Bluetooth is, how to use the technology fully, getting the maximum benefit from it, we will consider below.

When mobile devices and stationary electronic equipment became truly wireless, the importance of cables became a concern. Devices are connected via Bluetooth via a radio communication channel with constantly changing high frequency, which allows any devices to exchange data.

PC and laptop users were the first to fully appreciate the benefits of Bluetooth: when a stationary device is connected to a mouse via Bluetooth, the latter moves the cursor on the screen wirelessly using a radio channel. What really pleases users is the ability to use Bluetooth for connection wireless headphones with a mobile device to talk or listen to mobile tracks using a similar principle. This is very convenient for car drivers, when you can talk without holding a smartphone in your hand.

HOW BLUETOOTH WORKS IN SMARTPHONES

Just like on any other electronic devices. To transfer, for example, a photograph, you must adhere to the following scheme: open the “Gallery” application, select a photo, click on it. In the window that opens, in the presented action menu, select “Send”, in the list of possible options, click on “Bluetooth” - “Select Bluetooth device” and confirm the connection. It happens that one of the devices is “invisible” to the other. To enable visibility, you need to lightly hold on the Bluetooth icon to bring up the menu and move the slider opposite the “Visibility” option.

Using a similar principle, files are transferred between a PC and a smartphone, a tablet and a smartphone, a laptop and a smartphone in any order. An immutable rule: the Bluetooth module must be enabled on both devices. To send a file from a stationary device to a mobile phone via Bluetooth, you need to select the appropriate item in its context menu, which may not always be available. If you encounter such a situation, you need to enable this function through the “Control Panel”. You can see how to do this here http://highscreen.ru/articles/Bluetooth-what-is-it/.

ABOUT USING BLUETOOTH SAFETY

In the question of what Bluetooth is and how to use its capabilities as efficiently as possible, it is important to take care of its safe use, because... there may be risks of unauthorized access to data on a computer, laptop, smartphone, etc. The issue becomes especially acute when Bluetooth is used in public places with large crowds of people. And if at this moment there is an attacker somewhere in the immediate vicinity who is deliberately intent on stealing your personal data, the matter may end badly. Having certain “skills” through a mobile device you can obtain passwords for bank cards, confidential user information, etc.

ABOUT BLUETOOTH MULTI-FUNCTIONALITY

• For communication

The most common way to use Bluetooth is to talk using a headset. This allows you to free your hands during communication, because The headset is attached to the ear, and the Android smartphone can be kept separately in clothing or inside the car. The benefits of using a Bluetooth headset are appreciated by car enthusiasts, active lifestyle enthusiasts, business people and very busy people.

• For work

When you need to constantly have access to your PC or laptop. You just need to pair the devices and enable “Dial-up network access connections” in the settings of your desktop computer. Bluetooth allows you to freely transfer various files from one device to another, synchronize contacts and organizers, create copies of important files, exchange electronic business cards and a lot of useful actions.

• For fun

Having an Android smartphone with Bluetooth function, you have a great opportunity to use your phone as a remote control for your PC or laptop. To do this, you need to download a specialized application, for example, Bluetooth Remote Control or anyRemoote, in its settings indicate for which programs the device will act as a remote control: video player, audio player, image viewer, etc., after which your smartphone will turn into remote controller.

Another pleasant opportunity that Bluetooth gives its user is listening to music wirelessly, which will certainly save your nerves from constantly unraveling and the music connector inevitably becoming loose over time. To listen to music, you need to download any application available in the Play Market for this purpose, pair the headset and smartphone, turn on the application and enjoy your favorite tracks, because the utility will do all the work.

Bluetooth: technology and its application

...and he said: “May everyone be reunited.”

It is quite possible that it is with these words of the medieval Danish king Harald II Bluetooth (Harald II Bluetooth) that his other nickname is associated - “unifier”, which 1000 years later became the name of the new wireless communication interface.

What is Bluetooth? This is a wireless communication technology created in 1998 by a group of companies: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba. Currently, developments in the field of Bluetooth are being carried out by the Bluetooth SIG (Special Interest Group), which also includes Lucent, Microsoft and many others.

The main purpose of Bluetooth is to provide economical (in terms of current consumption) and cheap radio communication between various types electronic devices, and considerable importance is attached to the compactness of electronic components, which makes it possible to use Bluetooth in small devices the size of a wristwatch.

The Bluetooth interface allows you to transmit both voice (at 64 Kbps) and data. For data transmission, asymmetric (721 Kbit/s in one direction and 57.6 Kbit/s in the other) and symmetric methods (432.6 Kbit/s in both directions) can be used. The transceiver operating at a frequency of 2.4 GHz, which is a Bluetooth chip, allows, depending on the degree of power, to establish communication within 10 or 100 meters. The difference in distance is certainly large, but a connection within 10 m allows for low power consumption, a compact size and a fairly low cost of components. Thus, a low-power transmitter consumes only 0.3 mA in standby mode and an average of 30 mA when exchanging information.

Bluetooth operates on the FHSS (Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum) principle. Briefly, this can be explained as follows: the transmitter breaks the data into packets and transmits them using a pseudo-random frequency hopping algorithm (1600 times per second), or pattern, made up of 79 subfrequencies. Only those devices that are configured to the same transmission pattern can “understand” each other - for foreign devices, the transmitted information will be ordinary noise.

The main structural element of the Bluetooth network is the so-called “piconet” - a collection of 2 to 8 devices operating on the same template. In each piconet, one device operates as a master and the rest as slaves. The Master determines the template on which all slave devices of its piconet will operate and synchronizes its operation. The Bluetooth standard provides for the connection of independent and even unsynchronized piconets (up to 10) into the so-called “scatternet” (I have not yet seen the correct Russian translation of this term, but one of the translations of the verb to scatter sounds like “scatter”). To do this, each pair of piconets must have at least one common device, which will be a master in one and a slave in the other. Thus, within a single scatternet, a maximum of 71 devices can be simultaneously connected to the Bluetooth interface, but no one limits the use of gate devices that use the same Internet for longer-distance communication.

The Bluetooth frequency range is license-free in most countries, but in France, Spain and Japan, due to legal restrictions, it is necessary to use frequencies other than those listed above.

Speaking about wireless communications, one cannot help but touch upon the issue of the security of such a connection. In addition to the focus on frequency patterns and the need to synchronize the transceiver, the Bluetooth standard provides for encryption of transmitted data with a key of effective length from 8 to 128 bits and the ability to select one-way or two-way authentication (of course, you can do without authentication at all), which allows you to set the strength of the resulting encryption in accordance with with the legislation of each individual country (in some countries the use of strong cryptography is prohibited:). In addition to encryption at the protocol level, encryption can be applied at the application level - here no one limits the use of arbitrarily strong algorithms.

It's often the case that Bluetooth devices within range can simply connect and begin exchanging information that may not be intended for outside ears or eyes to see. In fact, automatic information exchange between Bluetooth devices occurs only at the hardware level, i.e. solely to determine the very fact of connectivity. But at the application level, the user himself decides whether to introduce or prohibit automatic connection establishment. Thus, using Bluetooth becomes no more dangerous than connecting to the Internet, in which all nodes are also electrically connected, but this does not yet mean gaining unconditional access to any resource.

It is also worth noting that the Bluetooth standard was developed with low power in mind, so its impact on the human body is minimized.

The main direction of using Bluetooth should be the creation of so-called personal networks (PAN, or private area networks), including such diverse devices as mobile phones, PDAs, MP3 players, computers and even microwave ovens with refrigerators (which have not been connected in a long time). net). The ability to transmit voice allows you to integrate a Bluetooth interface into cordless phones or, for example, wireless headsets for cell phones. The possibilities for using Bluetooth in practice are endless: in addition to synchronizing a PDA with a desktop computer or connecting relatively low-speed peripherals such as keyboards or mice, the interface makes it very simple and inexpensive to organize a home network. Moreover, the nodes of this network can be any devices that have a need for information or have the necessary information.

Let's compare Bluetooth with another equally well-known wireless communication interface - IEEE 802.11, especially since both solutions are already available on the wide market. The main differences between them can be summarized as follows:

	IEEE 802.11	Bluetooth
1. Purpose	Wireless Home/Office Networks	Replacement cable connections for compact communications media
2. Operating frequency	2.4 GHz	2.4 GHz
3. Maximum data transfer rate	11 Mbit/s (IEEE 802.11b), 2 Mbit/s (IEEE 802.11)	721 Kbps
4. Range	100 m	10 m or 100 m
5. Maximum number of nodes	128 devices per network	8 devices per piconet, max. 10 piconets, i.e. up to 71 devices per scatternet
6. Voice channels	No (optional)	3 channels
7. Availability	Now	Now
8. Price	$100-$400 per node	About $5 per node

As you can easily see, the Bluetooth interface is much better suited for use in those wireless devices communications where a fairly low price is required, there is no need for high speeds and low power consumption is desired. However, as already noted, it is possible to create combined networks, especially since IEEE 802.11 works on a completely different principle of encoding transmitted data, therefore, being on the same operating frequency, both standards will hear each other physically, but other people’s signals will be interpreted by each of them as extraneous noise.

An important aspect in the development of Bluetooth is the fact that this technology is not subject to licensing and its use does not require the payment of any license fees (although it does require the signing of a free agreement). This policy allowed many companies to actively engage in the development of devices with a Bluetooth interface, which were demonstrated in large numbers at the CeBIT 2001 exhibition.

The greatest interest, naturally, is generated by devices that provide a transition from existing interfaces to Bluetooth. One of them was the Industrial Bluetooth Serial Port Adapter from the Swedish company connectBlue. As the name suggests, this device is intended for industrial use and allows you to connect any devices equipped with a serial port to Bluetooth:

A typical use case would be, for example, configuring industrial installations using a laptop.

Characteristics:

• range - up to 10 m,
• transmission speed - 300-115200 Kbit,
• supply voltage - 9-30 Volts.

Belkin, famous in particular for its USB bus products, has introduced a whole range of Bluetooth devices:

This PCMCIA Type II format card allows all devices with a similar slot to receive a Bluetooth interface at speeds of up to 721 Kbps. Range - 10 m.

Here we see an excellent USB solution for desktop (and not only) computers: the characteristics are the same as in the previous case, in addition, this device allows you to exchange data via voice channels.

There is even an adapter for the Palm V: the Palm is simply placed in it, as in a standard crib, after which you can synchronize with a desktop computer or access the Internet using a mobile phone, also equipped with a Bluetooth interface. This adapter is powered by Palm's own battery.

At the exhibition you could even find a Bluetooth adapter for Compact Flash:

Troy XCD has introduced an adapter for connecting a printer with a Centronics interface to Bluetooth:

The company promises to release it on the market in early summer, the approximate cost is about $195.

An equally interesting option for using Bluetooth technology can be organizing wireless access in local network and/or Internet for devices in a small office or home. The undisputed leader in this area was the company Red-M, which presented its solution - the Red-M 3000AS server:

Here's a photo of his prototype in action:

The 3000AS is a Linux server that can also act as a gateway to a local network or the Internet. Unlike most other Bluetooth devices, the 3000AS has a powerful transceiver that allows communication within a range of 100m, and includes an external antenna for increased reliability in the presence of external interference. For connection, you can use ISDN (with a choice of “always online” or “on-demand connection”), 10/100 Mbit Ethernet, as well as RS-232 for service applications. The server can also be powered via UPS.

To expand access to the server, small-sized access points Red-M 1000AP can be used:

The server automatically detects and configures all access points within its range. External devices can be connected to the access point via 10/100 Mbit Ethernet.

MiTAC presented a similar system: their Bluetooth Access Point carries on board a 750 MHz Transmeta Crusoe TM5400 processor, a built-in NAT and DHCP server and, like the previous sample, a powerful transceiver with a range of up to 100 m:

An excellent addition to such a system could be a device from Canon - a Bluetooth module for a digital camera:

Just imagine - the camera will be able to automatically transfer pictures via a Bluetooth gate to your workstation, or the same subnotebook, or even via an Internet-connected Bluetooth-enabled cell phone... well, the possibilities are endless.

A common option is to connect standard input devices via Bluetooth, like this:

Sony presented at CeBIT a special module in Memory Stick format called InfoStick:

A very good idea, especially considering the availability of a similar device for Compact Flash.

It remains only to note that licensing for Bluetooth support is free and is only necessary to enter into a trademark agreement. So in the near future we can well expect the appearance of Bluetooth in light bulbs and irons :). But seriously, Bluetooth technology can make a real revolution in the world of personal communications and in human life in general. But how much we need another revolution is yet to be decided.